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F R A IV C E : 



ITS 



KING, COURT, 



AND 



GOVERNMENT 



BY AN AMERICAN. 



[GnNERAL CASS.] 






NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY LEONARD SCOTT, 

EE-PUBLICATION OFFICE, 79 FULTON STREET. 
BURGESS, STRINGER & CO., 222 BROADWAY. 



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1848. 



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JUSTPUBLISHEDBY I 

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ATONE 

MYSTERIES OF LONDON : By Feval. 
MEMOIRS OF A PHYSICIAN: By Dumas. 

(To be ready soon.) 
THE SEVEN CAPITAL SINS : By Sue— 

(To be ready soon.) 
THE REFORMED HIGHWAYMAN : By 

Reynolds. 



DOLLAR. 

MARTIN THE FOUNDLING : By Eugene 
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CRUISE OF THE MIDGE: By Basil Hall. 
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WALLACE : By Reynolds. 
CORRINNE : By De Stael. 
CHARCOAL SKETCHES. (Entirely new.) 



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MATILDA : By Sue. 

THE LOVE MATCH : By Cockton. 

THE MYSTERIES OF PARIS: By Suk. 

ARCHIBALD WERNER. 

THE BLACK PROPHET : By Carleton. 

YOUTH OF SHAKSPEARE. 

SHAKSPEARE AND HIS FRIENDS, 

THE SECRET PASSION. 

PRIDE ; OR THE DUCHESS : By Sue. 

CHARLES CHESTERFIELD : Trollope. 



GEORGE. THE PLANTER: By Dumas. 

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EEANCE, 



ITS 



KIIG. COUET, AID GOVEMMEIT. 



BY AN AMERICAN. 



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THIRD EDITION. 



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NEW YORE: 

LEONARD SCOTT, 79 FULTON ST, 

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1848. 



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Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1840, 

BY LEONARD SCOTT. 

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PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. 



The recent stirring events in France, and the nomination of Gene- 
ral Cass as candidate for President of the United States, have, it 
is beKeved, created a demand for the following work (written hy 
Gen. Cass during his diplomatic residence at the French Coui't) 
sufficient to justify its re-publication. 

A comparison between the condition of France — Political and 
Social — in 1840, ably delineated by so distinguished a man, and its 
position in 1848, after the radical change that has taken place in 
all its relations, cannot be without interest to American readers — 
nor will the political views of the author, as set forth in the book, 
be overlooked either by his friends or his enemies on this side the 
Atlantic. Allusions have already been made to those views by the 
press of this country, and garbled and unfair statements will doubt- 
less be published, unless the book itself, without note or comment, 
shall be placed within the reach of the American Public. For 
these reasons the Publishers have concluded to issue a new edition 
of the work, and they trust that, having reduced the price to one- 
third of that charged for the previous edition, it will obtain an ex- 
tensive circulation. 
July, 1848. 



CONTENTS. 



The Royal Guards, 

The Revolution of 1789, 

Spirit of French Politics, . 

The Restoration, . . ' . 

The Code Napoleon, 

Diplomatic Anecdote, 

Louis Philippe and Napoleon, .. 

Accession of Louis Philippe, ^ . 

Political Fanaticism, 

The Laboring Classes, 

The King's love of Peace, 

Personal Courage, 

Anecdote, . . . 

Marshal Soult, . . . ; 

The " Days" of May, 

The Trial in the Court of Peers, 

Revolutionary Secret Societies, 

Their principles and objects, 

Their Publications, 

Their Effects, 

Political Assassination, 

M. Gnizot and Washington, . 

French Views of the American Revolution 

Newspapers, .... 

The " Bloody Shirt" Principle, 

French and American Revolutions, 

English Travellers in America, 

Foreign Travellers in England, 

Mutations of Fashion, 

English " Trollopiana,"' . * 

" Elegant Extracts" from the English Press, 

Elements of Discontent in France, 

The Laboring Classes in America and Europe 

The Democratic Tendency in Europe, 

A Parisian " Emeute,'^ 

Centralization, 

Laborious Duties of Royalty, 

Court Ceremonials in France, 

The English Court, 

Marie Antoinette, 

The Catacombs, 

Spanish Court Etiquette, 



Page 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
ih. 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
ib. 
ib. 
20 
ib. 
22 
ib. 
ib. 
24 
25 
27 
28 
29 
ib. 
30 
31 
32 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
ib. 
42 
ib. 
43 
ib. 
44 
45 
46 



VI 



Contents^ 



The English Royal Kitchen, 

A Court Reception, .... 

Private Life at the Tuileries, 

A Day at Fontainbleau, 

Popular Tumults in Europe and in the United States, 

Military Force in Paris, 

The Press, .... 

Louis Philippe as Professor in Switzerland, , 

His Early Travels, 

Embarkation for the United States, 

Voyage, . . . . • 

Personal Expenditure, 

Western Travel, .... 

A Log Cabin Hotel, , . . . 

Chilicothe and Zanesville, 

Judge Brackenridge, .... 

Western Travel in the Olden Time, ^ . 

General Jackson, . . . . 

Legal Reminiscences in the West, 

Niagara, ..... 

Return to Philadelphia, 

Contemporary Letter to the Princess Adelaide, 

Second Journey, . ,. . . 

Powers of Memory, . . 

Marietta, . .1 

New Orleans, . . . . • 

Passage to Havana, ' . . , / 

Impressment, ..... 

Parliamentary Palinodes, . • . 

The British Empire, .... 

The Treaty of Indemnity of 1831, 

Right of Search, . . . 

The Queen and the Princess Adelaide, 

The Duke and Duchess of Orleans, 

The Due de Nemours and Prince de Joinville, 

A Royal Procession, .... 

Place de la Concorde, . 

Arch of Triumph, . . . 

The Madeleine, . 

Hall of the Chamber of Deputies, 

Obelisk of Luxor, . 

Opening of the Session of the Chambers, 

Arrangement of the Chamber, 

Entrance of the King, 

Personal Parliamentary Decorum, 

President's Message in France, 

Mode of Organization of the Chamber of Deputies, ' 

Reminiscences of the Revolution of 1789, 

Execution of Louis XVI., .... 

A Story of 1792, 



FRANCE: 

ITS 

KING, COURT, AND GOVERNMENT/ 



A WISH to approachi those who have filled distinguished parts on 
the theatre of human action, and to judge them independently of 
the prestige with which circumstances may hare surrounded them, 
seems to be deeply implanted in the human breast. And among 
the anticipations with which the American traveller approaches the 
old world, there is none, perhaps, which promises him more gratifica- 
tion, than this hope of being able to survey more nearly the eminent 
men, of whose claims to renown distance of space enables us to 
judge with as much impartiality as distance of time will enable pos- 
terity. I have forgotten neither your wish, nor my promise, that I 
would communicate to you the impressions which might be made 
upon me, should circumstances bring me near any of these men 
whose character and actions will mark the age in which they live, 
or into familiar contact with those around them, and who cannot be 
deceived in their mental endowments or their moral worth. I hare 
been long enough in Paris to have collected much' information re- 
specting the present king Louis Philippe — and that, too, from per- 
sons who could neither be deceived nor be guilty of deception — and 
I propose to communicate to you the result of my observations. 

If an American first sees the king when making an excursion, the 
impression is a painful one. He and his cortege generally occupy 
three carriages ; in the first of which, drawn by eight horses, is the 
king, with such of his family as accompany him. They are prece- 
ded by an outrider in the royal livery (red,) and by two dragoons, 
who always keep themselves at a considerable distance from the 
main body, and who take care that the road is clear. These are 
followed by a detachment of dragoons immediately in front of the 
royal carriage ; and on each side, and close to the doors, ride the 
aides-de-camp and orderly officers who attend the king ; and then 
succeeds another detachment of dragoons. After this come the two 

* Conr des Pairs. Attentat des 12 et 13 Mai, 1839. Requisitoire de M. le 
Procureur General. Paris, pp. 107. ' 

Cour des Pairs. Affaire des 12 et 13 Mai. Rapport fait a la Cour, les 11 et 
12 Juin, 1839, par M. Merilhou, comprenant les fails generaux, et la premiere 
serie des fails particuliers. . Paris, pp, 153, 



10 France, its King, Court, 5j-c. 

other carriages, eacli drawn by six horses, and preceded by an out- 
rider, which are occupied by the gentlemen and ladies of the court. 
The spectacle itself is a brilliant one, from the beauty of the horses, 
the neatness, as well as splendor, of the liveries of the outriders and 
postillions, and from the arms and uniforms of the military. As the 
procession always sweeps by at a rapid rate, it seems to exhibit it- 
self and disappear like the pageants in a theatre. But the specta- 
tor asks himself, how is it that the life of the king is exposed to 
perpetual attacks ; and that the chief of one of the most polished 
nations in the world cannot venture into the streets of his capital , 
without being surrounded by a physical force sufficiently strong to 
prevent all access to the royal person. The guards who attend the 
king of the French, whenever he leaves the walls of his palace, are ^ 
not in the performance of a vain ceremony, like those with which 
many of the European sovereigns are accompanied ; but they are in 
the execution of a necessary duty,' and without their presence the 
life of the monarch would not be worth a day's purchase. What is 
the cause of this deplorable state of things ? Is it the fault of the 
king or of his subjects — of the government or of the people .? Is 
the root of the evil in the state of society, or in the course of politi- 
cal measures followed or rejected ? 

I have sat down to give you traits of mind and manners, slight 
delineations, by which you may be better enabled to appreciate the 
statements which reach you respecting the character and position 
of the king. Formal political discussions upon the operation of the 
French Government, or upon the condition of the French people, I 
shall avoid. But to comprehend justly the position of the king, it 
will become necessary to look, however slightly, at the state of pub- 
lic opinion and society in the kingdom. 

The Revolution of 1789 threw off the weight of despotism which 
had oppressed France during many ages ; but it did not stop, like 
our own Revolution, at a mere change of some of the political insti- 
tutions of the country ; but extended itself into all the ramifications 
of life, civil, social, religious. It has accomplished a vast beiiefit 
for France and for the world ; though in looking back upon its 
different phases, it is evident, that with less exaltation of mind the 
same results might have been obtained, and years of trial and suf-' 
fering spared to the country. Almost all the existing institutions of 
France owe their origin to the half-century which has just passed 
away — the annihilation of feudality and aristocracy — equality, the 
most perfect, before the law — the abolition of primogeniture in the 
descent of property — national representation, and its natural conse- 
quence, the rendering the representative chamber a central point of 
influence and authority — the fall of the ecclesiastical regime, with 
its secular riches and temporal power — the freedom of the press — 
and more than all, and above all, a public opinion ever vigilant to 
detect any abuse of authority, and ever ready to demand meliora- 
tions in the institutions of the country. But with these great ad- 
vantages there is wanting a calm, sedate, dispassionate spirit of in- 



France, its King, Court, ^c. . 11 

quiry, and an habitual attachment to certain general principles, 
found by experience to be essential to the prosperity of the country, 
and which ought to be placed by this consideration above the con- 
flicts of party. In our political contests there are passions enough 
awakened ; but the struggles which from time to time are carried 
on touch neither the foundations of our government, nor the insti- 
tutions of society. Our parties all start from the same point ; all 
recognise the adaptation of our political institutions to our manners 
and condition ; and he would be a bold politician who should pro- 
pose any fundamental change in the system "we have adopted. But 
in France there are many parties, each with marked diiferences of 
opinion, from the extreme of uncontrolled monarchy to that of the 
freest democracy. It will be recollected, that if the spirit of in- 
quiry is not checked in England, by that reverence for its institu- 
tions which springs out of past recollections, and which in .these old 
countries enters so often into the habits of the people, and can be 
broken only by a revolution, it is still evident that it controls the 
public action, and impresses the efforts which are made at meli- 
oration with a character of discretion, that seems too often to de- 
generate into timidity or indifference. But. the French Revolution 
made almost a tabula rasa of a large portion of the' social system 
of France, and fifty years have been spent in remodelling it, building 
up and pulling down, doing and undoing in succession. The asso- 
ciations with the past have thus been obliterated, and time enough 
has not been allowed to substitute for these the convictions of the 
present. The Absolute Monarchy, the Constitutional Monarchy, 
the Republic, the Consulate, the Empire, the Restoration, the Mon- 
archy of July, all have in turn governed the kingdom, and each has 
found advocates and opponents. These rapid and successive changes 
have produced their natural effects upon the ardent temperament of 
the French people ; and where polemical discussions are so lively, 
and the liberty of the press so unfettered, it is not surprising that 
these have been followed by the propagation of evei-y shade of opin- 
ion, a,nd accompanied by a warmth, and, 1 may add, a bitterness of 
sentiment, which are fortunately unknown in our political dissensions. 
Minds have become exalted, as the French say, to a point which, 
with a portion of the population, seems inconsistent with the neces- 
sary and salutary restraints of even the freest governments. The 
supply and demand of the necessary articles of life are in such a 
near equilibrium, in Europe, for the working population, that very 
slight causes suffice to derange the elements of production, and to 
throw out of employment, and into idleness and misery, a large 
class of society. And though this is generally the result of social, 
rather than of political, causes, and in the densely crowded state of 
the European nations would geem to be inseparable from any form of 
government, still the masses which feel the evil do not stop to ex- 
plain the causes, but attribute the distress, which from time to time 
presses upon them, to the operations of the government, arising out 
of a defective constitution or a vicious administration. , And these 



12 France, its King, Court, Sfc. 

opinions are fortified and disseminated by the opposition journals, 
which in free governments are prone to throw upon the adversaries 
the burden of all the troubles which afiect their state. 

\ It will be readily perceived that here are inflammable materials 
enough to create an explosion, whenever the torch is applied. 
Still the question remains to be solved, why the King is so person- 
ally obnoxious, that his life is exposed to continual danger. And to 
answer this, we must look back to the Revolution of July, and see 
the effect it produced uppn the various parties which combined to 
achieve that great work. 

The restored government of the Bourbons met the fate which was 

• to have been anticipated from a family characterized with more 
justice than is usually found in antithetical sentences, where truth 
is too often sacrificed to point, as having " learned nothing and for- 
gotten nothing." Their unconquerable prejudices, and their studied 
ignorance of the feelings of the country they were called to govern, 
after an exile of twenty-five years, were the prognostics, as well as 
the causes, of their iiltimate fall. Their imperial predecessor had 
indeed left them a difficult task, even had they been required to 
fulfil it under happier auspices, and with habits of thought more in 
unison with the circumstances of their position. His career was so 
brilliant, that it may well have dazzled his countrymen, and left* 
them unfitted for a milder domination. He was indeed a wonderful 
man ; and I have been more powerfully impressed than ever, since 
my arrival in France, with the prodigious force of his character, and 
with the gigantic scope, as well as with the vast variety, of his plans. 
I have often questioned the old military veterans of the Hotel des 
Invalids — those living remains of Jena, and Wagram, and Auster- 
litz, and of a hundred other fields — respecting their General, Con- 
sul and Emperor ; and it was easy to see by their sudden animation, 
and by their eager narrative, how proud they were to recount any 
little incidents which had connected them with him. His visit to 
their guard fire, and his acceptance of a piece of their campaign 
bread, constituted epochs in their lives, to be lost only with the loss 
of reason or of existence. I am satisfied that circumstances have 
not been favorable to a just appreciation of the whole character of 
Napoleon in the. United States. While he was at the head of the 
nation, we surveyed him very much through the English journals, 
and we imbibed all the prejudices which a long and bitter war had 
eiigendered against him in England. To be sure, his military re- 
nown could not be called in question, but of his civic talents a com- 
paratively humble estimate was formed. I have since learned to 
correct this appreciation, particularly after I heard, at the hospita- 
ble table of General Dumas — an early friend of the United States, 
and who has since terminated his long and honorable career, uni- 
versally respected and lamented, a discussion concerning the com- 
pai-ative merits of Louis the Fourteenth and of Napoleon, as legis- 
lators and administrators. Those who took part in this interesting 

_, conversation were eminently qualified to support their peculiar opi- 



France, its King, Court, 8^c. , 13 

'nions, and to review and analyze those events in the reigns of these 
sovereigns best suited to develop their personal characters ; and ^till 
farther to mark those national institutions which have survived them 
both, and upon which the genius of the one or the other was im- 
printed. And I was not awarQ, till that time, that Louis Four- 
teenth occupied so high a station in the opinion of the French na- ' 
tion. I had pictured him — and such, I think, is the general esti- 
mate which the Anglo-Saxon school of history has formed of him— 
as a monarch imposing in his personal appearance ; magnificent in 
all his views and habits ; ambitious, rather from pride of character, 
than from the spirit of conquest ; passionate for praise, under the 
guise of glory ; encouraging the arts, to be extolled by the artists ; 
and proclaiming himself the protector of literary men, that he might 
receive in return their adulation. But when I heard a vivid paral- 
lel run between him and the Emperor, and his clainls to the appro- 
bation of posterity urged with great force of argument and knowledge 
of history, I began to recognize my error ; and have subsequently 
returned from the illusion, if I may so call it, which concealed from 
me the true characters of two of the most eminent men in the history 
of France. 

I had a conversation not long since witlr a retired statesman, 
heretofore a prime minister, and who was an active member of the 
Council of State when the Code of Napoleon, that lasting monu- 
ment of legislative wisdom, was under preparation ' and discussion. 
He told me the Emperor was punctual in his attendance at all the 
meetings, and careful in the consideration of the various subjects 
which occupied them ; evincing wonderful sagacity, and great 
knowledge of the intricate questions, embracing the whole circle of 
human action, which were presented for solution. His zeal did not 
flag during all the progress of these labors, and there was great 
freedom of discussion ; it being ardently the desire of the Emperor 
that all the important points should be subjected to profound ex- 
amination ; and fortunately for the character of the work, and for 
the welfare of the country, the Council contained many men quali- 
fied by their studies, habits, and talents, to render these new ■pan- 
dects worthy of the general intelligence of the age. I asked my in- 
formant, how the question of accepta«ice or rejection, as the several 
chapters came up for consideration, was determined ; and, like a 
true American, I inquired if they were put to the vote. He smiled, 
and said there was no voting in the Council of State upon those 
topics, — that the Emperor listened patiently to all that was said, 
and then gave his opinion, and thus terminated the subject. He 
had, indeed, too often an iron will and a heavy hand' and a grasp 
of ambition that seemed to augment as kingdoms gave way before 
him. His fall was a salutary lesson, and useful to the world, though 
the pride of 'the country was humbled, and its wishes disregarded in 
the new transfer of power. 

, But if he was ambitious, he was ambitious for France ; if he 
loved glory and power, he loved his country more ; and he finally 



14 France^ its King, Court, 8^c' 

fell because he would not consent to reduce her extent, and to de- 
prive her of the fruits of a quarter of a century of victories. But 
his successor at the Tuilleries could not participate in this feeling, 
and it seemed as though it were his wish to annihilate the memory 
of all that France had done and earned after his expatriation. 
Consolidating the two reigns of Louis the Eighteenth and .Charles 
the Tenth, into one, we have a period the most remarkable, per- 
haps, in the history of the world, for the want of adaptation of the 
measures of the government to the circumstances around it. There 
was a continued effort to approximaite the epochs of 1789, and of 
1815, as though the intervening events could be erased from the 
annals of mankind, and their effects from the memory and feelings 
of the French nation. How blind must he have been who could 
not or would not see, that in that space ages of ordinary life had 
been compressed ; and 'that ihere was more sympathy between the 
state of opinion at some of the turbulent councils of the middle 
ages and convocation of the States General in 1789, than between 
the latter event and the accession of Louis Eighteenth to the throne 
of his ancestors. The change of flag, the war against the monu- 
ments of the Revolution, the careful removal of every memorial of 
Napoleon, and many circumstances of a similar -character, which 
must be fresh in the recollection of every reader, are sufficient to 
indicate the tone and spirit of the new rulers. But there is an 
anecdote which, I have been told, is related in the diplomatic circle 
of Paris, that is so supremely ridiculous, and withal so truly cha- 
racteristic of the fatuity — for I can give it no milder-term — of the 
unfortunate Charles the Tenth, that I cannot withhold it from your 
readers. This King had an inseparable aversion to pronounce the 
name of the King of Sweden, because he was a parvenu, having 
been freely raised by that gallant nation for his eminent qualities to 
the throne from which they had driven the unworthy descendants 
of their ancient line of princes. But this act of national justice was 
an unpardonable crime in the eyes of the restored monarch of 
France. At his levees, when he received the Diplomatic Corps, he 
usually- addressed to each representative of a monarchical govern- 
ment some question respecting the health, residence, or family of 
his- sovereign. When it came'to the turn of the Swedish Minister 
to be received, the King, inflexible in his determination to avoid all 
reference to the northern monarch, inquired if there were any news 
from Sweden. The minister, the Couiit de Loewenheilm, a man of 
great worth and a veteran officer of high rank, as resolute that the 
King should hear the name of his sovereign as the latter could be 
not to pronounce it, invariably replied : " I thank your Majesty, 
my master the King of Sweden is very well." And I have been 
told, by those who have often witnessed this royal and diplomatic 
encounter, that the question and answer were as regularly put and 
returned, as any other ceremony of the presentation. And the 
thing was so well understood, that the whole circle always prepared 
4 itself to see the effort of the King to preserve his dignity — and to 



France, its King, Court, Sfc. 15 

smile at an exliibition of royal weakness. And yet sucli are too 
often liuman rulers. I think it probable, that our late Minister, 
Mr. Rives, who is favorably remembered in Paris, may have wit- 
nessed this contest of dignity between the French King and the 
Swedish representative. 

How different the conduct of Louis Philippe. He has associated 
himself with the glories of his country, and no petty jealousy has 
prevented him from doing justice to Napoleon, it is the province 
of genius to appreciate genius, and the King, no doubt, recognizes 
the eminent qualities of the great child of tke Revolution. His busts 
and engravings are everywhere to be met with ; and his bronze sta- 
tue, which stands upon the column of the Place Veii.dome, on which 
his glories are recorded, looks out upon his favorite city like some 
guardian genius. And I understand that the carp- fc which covers 
the saloon of reception, at the Tuilleries, was the v;ork of Napo- 
leon's day, and is emblazoned with his imperial embl -ms. ' It cover- 
ed the same room during the Empire, but on the re. toration of the 
Bourbons it was removed and deposited in some lumber apartment ; 
whence, however, it was withdrawn by the present limg on his ac- 
cession to the throne, and restored to its original destination. 

It is scarcely credible, yet thei fact is well known, that when the 
result of the elections of 1830 had left the goveniment in a minority 
in the chamber of Representatives, and had given proof of the dis- 
content of the country, no preparation was made to meet the storm 
which the measures in contemplation necessarily tended to produce 
The faithless and violent attack upon the constitution, dignified with 
the name of a coup d'etat, but which was in truth one of the most 
perfidious efforts which power has ever made to crush public rights, 
found the King at St. Cloud, calmly enjoying the pleasures of rural 
life. When the cannon of Paris, the knell of his power, announced 
to him that the people had risen, and that his crown, and perhaps 
his life, depended on the issue of the contest, be was engaged in a 
game at cards, and tranquilly gave orders to his Grand Huntsman 
to arrange a hunting party for the next day. But that day opened 
with a different chase, and tiiere were other hunters and other game 
in the field, and the unfortunate monarch became himself the stricken 
deer. Had this effort of arbitrary power proved successful, the fruits 
of the Revolution would have perished, and France would have 
heen prostrated at the foot of a master. Still more, it would have 
been the signal for the death-blow to all the free institutions of Con- 
tinental Europe, and would everywhere have opened the way for the 
same conspiracy against public rights which is now so boldly in 
progress in Hanover. But France arose in its strength, and the 
reigning branch fell in its. weakness. 

A new order of things was substituted for the past, and a new 
dynasty called to sit upon the throne. But this period of change 
was necessarily a period of excitement. All but the advocates of 
exploded principles put their hands to the great work of restoration, 
though with expectations as different as the various shades of opi- 

2 



16 France J its King, Court, Sfc. 

nion whieli divided them. This state of feeling is well illustrated 
by the phrase then so much in vogue, and which seemed to embody 
the opinions of a great portion of the community, " a monarchy with 
republican institutions." The thought was new and the expression 
epigrammatical, and it took forcible hold of the public imagination. 
Every one knew what a republic was, and every one knew^ what a 
monarchy was ; but a monarchial republic or a republican monarchy, 
was something new under the sun, and every one was I'eft free -to 
give to it such attributes as agreed best with his own political views. 
And in this latitude of expectation, no doubt, many warm and 
honest partisans belonging to different shades of opinion saw in the 
new government the very heau ideal they had formed for themselves 
in their political reveries. A monarch called to administer a go- 
vernment under these circumstances, becomes in fact the repre- 
sentative of the various parties contributing to the work, and each 
expects that the measures to be adopted will be in conformity with 
the programme he has formed for himself. A curious proof of this 
divergence of opinion is to be found in the published narrative of a 
committee which waited upon the king some time after his accession, 
among which was Mr. Lafitte, and Where it is quite evident that 
very different expectations had been formed respecting the general 
tendencies of the new government the parallel between the great 
revolutions of England and of France, and their subsequent events, 
till the establishment in each country of a new line of sovereigns, is 
so striking, as not to have escaped the observation of the most care- 
less reader of modern history. But Louis Philippe did not, as did 
William the Third, owe his elevation to the throne alone or princi- 
pally to his relation to the expatriated branch. He was indeed'the 
eldest of the second line ; and in his accession the principle of suc- 
cession was violated~as little as possible, consistently with the revo- 
lution effected. But the preservatibn of that principle would not 
have been enough to secure the crown to \x\va., had he not possessed 
other advantages, resulting from his character, principles, talents, 
and services, which weighed heavily in the balance in his favor. 
He was called to the throne by general acclamation, and never could 
a position be more difficult, both with respect to external and in- 
ternal affairs. Europe was upon the qui vive, standing with arms 
in hand, mistrusting the new government, and almost ready to re- 
commence the work of invasion. At home, as we have seen, each ' 
party looked to the king as the representative of its opinion — not 
because he had come under the slightest obligation, except the 
general one imposed by-the charter, but because the foundation of 
the new government was laid hastily, and amid general excitement, 
and without that cool and public deliberation which is essential to 
the perfection of such a work ; and because there was consequently 
ample room for the most fervent politician to find his favorite prin- 
ciples promulgateii and established. When, in the progress of the 
administration, different parties and sections of parties found theii 
expectations disappointed, and the Utopia which had been anticipat 



France, its King, Court, Sfc. 17 

ed giving way to the reality of a government adapting its energies 
to the trials it was destined to encounter, then came the conviction 
of unfulfilled hopes, and the bitterness inseparable from political 
exaltation awakening to the belief that it had been cajoled and de- 
ceived. And the king, from the course of events, was held respon- 
sible for all these disappointments, and soon became peculiarly 
obnoxious to the partisans of all the opinions tending towards repub- 
lican principles. The Revolution of 1789 gave a severe blow to 
the Christian religion in France, from which it will take a long 
series of years fully to recover ; and to this day society is in a great 
degree deprived of the security which the principles of Christianity, 
where they are firmly established, are so well calculated to ensure. 
When, therefore, political passions break out violently in France, 
there is little to restrain their operation but the fear of punishment. 
As this is often set at naught by the zeal and fanaticism which have 
come down to the younger class of the existing generation, as one 
of the most striking legacies of the Revolution. There are at all 
times, in these old countries, many desperate adventurers, desiring 
a change in the actual establishments, in the hope of finding some 
personal advantages in the confusion. And it is difficult for an 
American to conceive an idea of the true state of the working class, 
upon whose passions these men continually operate. Perhaps 
thirty cents a day, or a little more, may be the average price of 
labor throughout France ; and out of this the workman must clothe 
and feed himself. And then come the seasons of interruption, 
when work is almost discontinued, and when the starving mechanics 
are thrown upon the community, to seek the support of life as they 
can. With us, every honest industrious man can reasonablyexpect 
to provide something in the meridian of life for its decline. By 
emigrating westward, he can procure a piece of land, and close his 
days surrounded by his family. But such an occurrence in Europe 
would be little short of a miracle ; and in this reasonable expecta- 
tion of an eventual acquisition of property in our country, with the 
moral stimulus which accompanies it, and in this despair of the 
future which seems almost inseparable from the condition of a Eu- 
ropean laborer, I trace one of the most striking distinctions between 
a new society and an old one, and one of our surest guarantees for 
the perpetuation of our institutions. 

An illustration confirmatory of this state of things is furnished by 
the law of conscription. By this law every young man, after the 
age of twenty years, is liable to serve in the army. He draws for 
his chance of enrolment, and is then called as his number, and the 
exigencies of the public service may require. He serves seven 
years, precisely at the time of life when he ought to be forming 
himself for his eventful duties, and laying the foundation of any re- 
spectability he may hope to acquire. It is precisely the period 
which, with us, if lost, would be lost irreparably. The average 
annual demand of conscripts in France, to keep the army at its 
requisite number, is eighty thousand ; and this immense amount if 



18 France, its King, Court, ^'C. 

every year drawn from the class of tlie population in the very spring- 
time of life, to be returned — such of them indeed, as have the luck, 
good or bad, as it may be, to return — seven years after, without 
. any preparation for eventual usefulness. But the most remarkable 
fact in all this institution is the pay which these forced soldiers 
receive — a pay which, after making the deductions that, go to the 
government for indispensable supplies, amounts to 07ie cent a day, 
twenty-five dollars and a* half for seven years' service ! And yet 
this pTocess of military supply seems firmly established and engraft- 
ed on the habits of society ; nor have I seen, among all the propo- 
sitions with which the public has been excited, since my residence 
here, for the melioration of the existing, institutions of the country, 
a single allusion to this' greatest of all practical oppressions. And 
I cannot account for this apparent indifference to a subject which 
strikes every American with Jistonishment, unless it results from the 
conviction that a bare support is all the laboring classes can pro- 
cure by the most fortunate exertion, and that it may as well be in the 
army as elsewhere. One circumstance, however, renders this ar- 
rangement more acceptable than it would otherwise be, and that is 
its perfect' equality. It operates upon all with the same severity, 
and is executed with the most rigid impartiality. 

But let us return from this digression, upon the peculiar state of 
public opinion in France, to the considerations connected -with the 
j)ersonal condition of the monarch. The question, why he is ex- 
posed to those attempts at assassinations, which have so often afflict- 
ed all the right-thinking portion of tlie community, and astonished 
Christendom, will not be wholly inexplicable, after the slight sketch 
I have given. But the king has another misfortune — a misfortune, 
indeed, for a King of France, jn the opinioa of some of his subjects, 
but an inappreciable blessing for the world — he desires the mainte- 
nance of peace, by all just means consistent with the rights and 
proper dignity of the country. From the earliest period of the 
development of the pugnacious power, mankind have been more or 
less the passionate admirers of military renown and' the dupes of 
military glory. But France is the country, par excellence, where 
these feelings have acquired the most powerful ascendency, and 
where, during many of the most exciting years in the history of the 
world, they were maintained at the highest pitch. of exaltation by a 
series of triumphs, and ultimately, I may almost say, by a series of 
triumphal disasters, to which no parallel can be found in the contests 
of nations. The long war fronrthe commencement of the Revolu- 
tion to the Return of the Bourbons — for the armed truce which suc- 
ceeded the treaty of Amiens scarcely merits the name of a peace^ — 
nourished the military spirit of the nation, and engrafted its habits 
upon the institutions of the country ; and notwithstanding the terri- 
ble interior evils with which, according to our views, this state of 
things must have been attended, is still looked back to as the glori- 
ous period of French history. But the king has not suffered him- 
self to be led away by this Vain pursuit, sacrificing the solid welfare 



France, its King-). Court, SfC, 19 

of the nation to the acquisition of an idle word, an acquisition 
to be reached only through years of trials, exertion, and misery. 
His personal courage has nevvor been doubted, and many times dur- 
ing his life it has-been put to rude proofs. When yet young he 
served, in a high rank and with great distinction, in that glorious 
campaign under Dumourier whicli drove the Prussians from the 
French frontier, and first made known the indomitable resolution 
of the new Republicans. I have heard an anecdote connected 
with this part of, the king's life, which I understand he mentioned 
in an address to the officers, at one of the rcAdews that took place 
the last autumn at the camp of Fontainbleau, as an encouragement 
for good conduct in the military career — on which occasion there 
were present three intelligent young oificers^ of our army, Messrs. 
Eustis, Turner, and Kearney, sent out by the Secretary of War 
to improve themselves in the cavalry school of Saumur. It illus- 
trated in a forcible manner the wonderful moral impetus which the 
events of the Revolution gave to the adventurous portion of the 
community, and 'exhibits one of the most powerful causes of the 
enthusiastic attachment evinced for it. Among the manoeuvres per- , 
formed at Fontainbleau, was the formation of a square by the in- 
fantry to resist the charges of the cavalry, within which the king - 
and his cortege took their position, as the superior officers do upon 
the field of battle, when such a disposition becomes necessary. The 
king remarked afterwards, in an address to the officers, that in 1792, 
a charge of the Austrian cavalry, in one of the battles upon the 
northern frontier had compelled a portion of his division to form a 
similar square, in which he placed himself, and by which the eneiffy 
was repulsed. In the ranks of that square, said the king, were two 
private soldiers, commencing their military career, and now, when, 
having almost finished it, full of honors and years, they are present 
upon the ground, to be found, not in the ranks of this square, but 
in the position formed by it, after having attained the highest honors 
of their profession. One of these fortunate soldiers was, I believe. 
Marshal Gerard ; the name and rank of the other have escaped my 
recollection. 

I never see the striking figure of Marshal, Soult without recall- 
ing the glorious feats with which his military life has been filled ; 
but I esperience a still stronger emotion, when I recall also his 
noble and touching allusion to his original condition, made last 
winter in the Chamber of Peers, in a discussion upon a proposition 
to remodel the statutes of the Legion of Honor ; d.uring which 
some allusion was made to the old order of St. Louis. To correct 
a misapprehension that seemed to prevail, the Marshal stated, that 
the cross of St. Louis was sometimes given to the private soldier, as 
a reward for brilliant services. I was, said he, a private soldier 
during six years preceding the Revolution, and all my aspirations 
were bounded by a hope of obtaining this distinction. There i.s 
something exceedingly touching in this avowal, made by a Marshal 
of France, Minister of Foreign Afikirs, President of the Council, 



20 France, its King, Court, 8fC. 

and tlie first subject in the kingdom. And these are the men who 
would have been all their lives retained in the ranks of the army, 
had not the decrepitude of the old government, with its prejudices 
and oppressions, given way before the energies of a people awakened 
to a sense of their rights and to a conviction of their strength. 

The government of July has displayed sufficient jirmness upon 
several critical.occasions, in Greece, in Africa, in Belgium, in Italy, 
at Lisbon, at Vera Cruz, and at Buenos Ayres, and has vindicated 
the national honor. It can point, however, to no series of splendid 
victories, and is destitute of the prestige which these would give. 
But the leading policy of the king is to preserve peace, and this 
trait was happily hit by the eminent diplomatist, Pozzo di Borgo, in 
the expressive title he gave the monarch, that of the " Napoleon of 
Peace." The time will come, and indeed is fast approaching, when 
the true duty of governments will be better appreciated, and when 
the claims of sovereigns to distinction will be estimated, not by the 
number of victories they may achieve, but by the progress and im- 
provement of all those establishments and institutions which minister 
to the moral cultivation and to the physical comforts of society. 

But this period has not yet arrived in France ; and since its in- 
stallation the reformed government has beeh exposed to repeated 
attacks, open and covert, having for their obje'ct its overthrow. The 
journals of the day have reported the history and progress and failure 
of those ejEForts, and their general bearing is sufficiently known in 
our country. But the days of May, 1839 — (insurrectionary move- 
ments are emphatically called ' days' in France) — brought to light 
some new documents, and the prosecution which followed in the 
Chamber. of Peers gave birth to one of the most extraordinary pub- 
lications in the whole history of human society. Its disclosures 
furnish an entirely new chapter in the progress of modern civiliza- 
tion, and exhibit the social and political condition of Franco in the 
most sombre colors. This publication is the official report made by 
the Committee of the Chamber of Peers appointed, according to 
the usages of that body, when sitting as a court of criminal justice, 
to draw up the history of the offence upon which the parties are 
brought to trial. 

This acte of accusation has nothing in common with the miserable 
contrivance, galled an indictment, which we have servilely copied 
from the English law, and which announces to the accused, and to 
the accuser, and to the court, the offence for which the justice of 
the country is invoked. It would be hardly credible among other 
nations, and yet the fact is not the less true, that in the freest gov- 
ernment in the world every person may be brought to trial, from one 
end of the country to the other, and called, in the face of that 
country, to answer the most heinous charge, upon a brief formal 
statement which has the least possible connexion witL the true cir- 
cumstances of his case. And to heighten the absurdity, every 
crime of the same nature, however different may be the facts con- 
nected with it, is described preciselyin the same words ; and this is 



France^ its King, Court, S^c. 21 

gc well established, that almost every prosecuting attorney furnishes 
himself with printed forms ; and when a murder, a theft, an arson, 
or any other crime, has been committed, he draws from his files the 
proper blank form, and gravely inserts the name of the party, and 
as gravely, though without the least regard to the facts, the time 
and place when and where the ofience is charged to have been 
committed ; and behold the unfortunate accused is sufficiently in- 
formed of the accusation against him — and all this notwithstanding 
the infinite variety of human actions, and the impossibility of find- 
ing two crimes precisely alike in their circumstances, from the 
commission of the first murder by the eldest born of Adam, to the 
last ofience which has sullied the annals of justice. And ,to add, if 
possible, to this judicial mockery, these blanks left for time and 
place, which circumstances, independently of the name of the par- 
ties, are all that remain to constitute the identity of the action, may 
be filled up with any time and any place ; for although, in the wis- 
dom of our law, these accidents are so essential, that, if not stated, 
the indictment is void, still it is wholly unimportant that the state- 
ment should be true ; — you must aver, but you are at full liberty to 
aver one thing and prove another. 

The indictment of the French law, if it may be so called, is a 
very different procedure. It contains a full narrative of all the 
circumstances leading to, attending, and necessarily following, the 
alleged crime — not got up in dry technical language, but related 
with perspicuity, in the style which one would naturally use upon 
such an occasion. The acte prepared by the Committee of the 
Chamber of Peers, for the trial of the persons accused of the Revo- 
lutionary attempts of the 12th and 13th of May last, has been pub- 
lished, and forms a pamphlet of upward of a hundred and fifty 
pages. It contains an able summary of the various insurrectionary 
movements to which the government of July has been exposed, and 
then passes on to a minute recapitulation of the circumstances at- 
tending the attempt of May, 1839. It is interesting to a foreigner, 
from the ability and frankness with which it discloses the true state 
of society in France at this moment, and the dangers, to. which the 
institutions of the country are exposed from the principles and posi- 
tion of a large portion of the population ; and it is a curious picture 
of adventures, pursued with great pertinacity and personal danger, 
and with a single eye to fundamental changes in the kingdom. 
Some of these adventures, moreover, are as remarkable for the in- 
tense interest they excite, as for the intrepidity with which the actors 
devoted themselves to their voluntary task. Secret societies were 
formed, and the members were united by an oath of secrecy. And 
the arrangements were well combined to procure the accession of 
partisans, and to bonceal the existence of the associations. Of this 
no better proof is necessary, than the statement of the fact, that the 
insurrection broke out in the city of Paris without the least prepara- 
tory signal, and the first notice which the authorities received was a 
sudden attack upon an armed post. Like almost all the inhabi- 



22 FrancCj its King, Court, Sfc. 

tauts, I knew nothing of it till I heard the beating of the rappel in 
the streets, which is the call for the instant assemblage of the armed ' 
force. 

I have been surprised, that the judicial proceedings to which I 
allude, and whose developments are so extraordinary, have not ex- 
cited more attention out of France. I have met with but one notice , 
of it, and that a meagre one, in any English publication ; and as to 
the Continental press, I believe it has overlooked it entirely. And 
yet, as well from its authenticity, as from its developments, it justly , 
merits the attention of every observer o£ the signs of the times. 

The judicial proceedings to which I have adverted disclose the 
existence of certain secret societies, and also their machinery, prin- 
ciples, and objects. Their organization appears to have been well 
adapted to the ulterior designs of the party. Candidates were ad- 
mitted with prescribed ceremonies, tending to produce a powerful 
impression upon their imaginations. They were blindfolded, ac- 
companied by a guide, who made the necessary answers, and took 
an oath of secrecy and obedience. A poniard was placed in their 
hands, as a symbol of the power of the society over its members, and 
they invoked its employment in the event of their infidelity. The 
members were not known by their actual names, but each received 
a no7n de guerre. They were required- to propagate their princi- 
ples ; to make no confessions if interrogated by the authorities ; to 
execute, without reply, the orders of their chiefs ; to furnish them- 
selves with arms and ammunition ; and carefully to avoid writing 
upon the subject of the association. At the initiation a series of 
questions and answers passed between the President and the Candid- 
date, which discloses the objects of the asso(3iation, and the means it 
proposed to employ. This political catechism is a mixture of the wild- 
est fanaticism and of the most frightful cruelty : and reveals a state ot 
feeling, and an aberration of principle — and, I might almost add, of 
reason — wholly unknown in our calmer and happier cou.ntry. Before 
I touch these articles of faith, I am tempted to advert to another docu- 
ment, which, while it will provoke a smile upon the countenance ot 
every American, will perhaps bring home to his conception the true 
character of 'these efforts better even than a mere formal enunciation 
of them. The chiefs of the party published a journal devoted to 
their doctrines, which escaped for a while the researches of the 
police, and which was extensively, but secretly, distributed. In 
the fourth number, dated February, 1838, is an article entitled 
'-■' Exterior Review," in which a sketch is given of the condition ot 
some of the free countries in the world, with tke apparent design of 
impressing upon the French republicans a just idea of a high des- 
tiny to which they were called, in the formation of a model repub- 
lic, by exhibiting the unfounded pretensions of the freest existing 
governments to any regard from the disciples of this new school of 
practical freedom. 

Speaking of England, the dispassionate reviewer calls it " that 
ignoble nursery of shop-keepers, of landholders, of jailors and of 



France^ its King^ Court, ^c. 23 

executioners who not satisfied with its own proletaives (lite- 
rally persons without property, but meaning the sans-culottes of the 
Revolution), groan xunder the triple yoke of the aristocrats, the 
priests, and the stock-jobbers, and who wish to crush our brethren 

in Canada Like all monarchies — like Charlemagne, the killer 

of the Saxons — like Charles the Ninth, the author of the murders 
at St. Bartholomew — like Louis the Fourteenth, the bigoted assas- 
sin of the Ceyennes — like Bonaparte, the manslayer par excellence — 
like Charles the Tenth, the mitrailleur {the grape shot firer) — like 
Louis Philippe, in fine, the man of November, of June, and of the 
Rue Transnonain — like all these infamous wretches, the valets of 
the royal puppet put all to fire and sword in America." 

If this chaste and a5/e writer has seized the prominent traits of 
the Anglo-Saxon parent, he shows himself equally happy in his ap- 
preciation of the condition of her transatlantic descendant. Pass- 
ing to the examination of the United States, he calls the government 
" a ridiculous republic, and a money-loving aristocracy." This last 
stroke is indeed the unkindest cut of all. When an American is 
accused by a Frenchman of an inordinate love of money, and when 
a French republican, the great burden of whose complaint is the 
unequal distribution of riches in his country, and the profligacy of 
his rulers, arraigns the American government for its economy, there 
is nothing farther to be expected in the whole range of human in- 
consistencies. This kind notice is terminated by a declaration, 
" that there are hopes of an immediate realization in the United 
States of the dreams of Collet d'Herbois and of Billaud-Varennes, 
those heroic remains of 1793." Dreams indeed ! and by what a 
fearful awakening would they be followed. No, God be thanked, 
licentious release from law^ religion, and the institutions of social 
life, and the triumphs of prisons, guillotines, noyades and massacres, 
are probably the most distant evils the inhabitants of the United 
States have to fear. 

But it is necessary to return to the Candidate, who is awaiting 
the development of the mysteries which surround him. One or two 
of the questions and answers will serve to give a general notion of 
the new light which is to break in upon him, when the moraj. blind- 
ness that obstructs his mental vision shall be removed, as the natu- 
ral light will strike his organs of sight when the bandage which 
covers them shall fall : 

Question — " Is a political or. social revolution necessary .?" 

Ansiver — " A social revolution The social state being 

gangrened, to arrive at a state of health requires heroic remedies ; 
the people will have need during some time of a revolutionary 
power. ''^ 

What is here meant by " heroic remedies'''' and " a revolutionary 
power ^''^ may be learned in the history of France during the despot- 
ism of Robespierre. A " social revolution" means the destruction 
of all the rights of property. 

Question — " Who are now the Aristocrats.^" 



24 Fraiice, its King, Court, S^c. 

Answer — " They are the men of property, bankers, furnishers, 
monopolists, large proprietors, brokers, in a word (exploiteurs) land- 
holders, who fatten at the expense of the people." 

Question — "Those who have rights, without fulfilling duties, 
like the Aristocrats of the present day, do they make part of the 
people ?" 

Answer — " They ought not to make part of the people ; they are 
to the social body what the cancer is to the natural body. The 
first condition of the return of the body to health is the extirpation 
of the cancer. The first condition of the return of the social body 
to a just state is the annihilation of the aristocracy" — or in more 
direct, though not in plainer, terms, the death of all' who possess 
property. 

One of the papers seized by the police was a letter from a princi- 
pal conspirator to another active member of the society, in which, 
after proceeding to reprobate the press for its cowardice in not de- 
fending the attempt of Fieschi to destroy the King and his cortege 
with his infernal machine, and then asserting its " absolute justifica- 
tion," the writer breaks out into the following apostrophe : "But 
Morey ! Morey was sublime from one end of the drama to the 
other — this old proletaire (sans-culotte) , conceiving the idea of 
regicide, forming the plan of the machine which was to execute his 
design, loading the barrels and aiming them." Recollect that this 
glorious plan was merely the preparation to discharge a murderous 
machine, loaded with a prodigious number of balls, upon a dense 
crowd of citizens of all classes, passing along the Boulevard, and 
by which more than twenty persons were killed and wounded. " Oh 
my friend," continues this rhodomontade, " the revolutionary tra- 
dition is dead in the hearts of the people. They have not felt the 
holiness of the death of Morey. The people have seen that white 
head fall without regret. They have rejoiced at it. It was thus 
the Jews railed at Jesus Christ upon the cross. When will come 
the day of recompense !" 

In one of the publications called the " Formularies of the Demo- 
cratic Phalanxes," it is announced, that the candidate ought to take 
an oath to destroy, and to contribute to the triumph of the equality 
of the social conditions, founded upon the equal division of all the 
products of the earth and of industry. 

Another piece, entitled " An Ode to the King," commences by 
a classical quotation, from the stern historian who has described 
with such force of style, and strength of indignation, the imperial 
vices of Rome — 

' Recte occisus est !" 

Tacitus. 

Then follow some horrible sentiments, the purport of which may 
be judged by these quotations : " Yes, whoever is chosen for holy 

homicide if his life has been tarnished with thefts and 

assassinations, will become free from spot and clear from all infamy. 



France^ its King., Court., ^c. 25 

as soon as he shall have washed himself in the blood of kings." 

■ "Oh Virtue, the poniard, sole hope of the earth, is thy 

sacred arm, when the thunder suffers crime to reign !" 

In the fifth number of the Republican Monitor was an article in 
which the most holy names — and among others those of Moses and 
our Savior — were placed in juxtaposition with the name of Robes- 
pierre, St. Just, and Billaud-Varennes ; and the editor, after draw- 
ing a comparison between their respective claims, assigns the first 
place to Billaud-Varennes, and points him out as a model of every 
virtue, public and private. 

In the sixth number of the same /journal it is said: " There is 
then, but a single resource to employ, regicide, tyrannicide, assas- 
sination, as they would term this heroic action." And in order that 
what he calls '.^ this prejudice''' may not arrest the hand of the assas- 
sin, the editor continues : " It is, without doubt, beautiful to be an 

atheist, but that is not enough," &c " The tyrant, who 

spares no crime against the people, ought, in the absence of a Pro- 
vidence which exists but for fools, to meet a man who can treat him 
according to his works." 

To the Republican Monitor succeeded the Freeman, which, in its 
number of the 10th of September, 1838, contained an article upon 
inheritance, in which it contested the right of the hereditary suc- 
cession of property, which it considers an injustice and spoliation; 
and it qualifies with the same character the right of property itself. 

In the next number of the same journal, it is announced, that 
" we shall fulfil a duty by destroying the social edifice from bottom 

to top," &c " The land ought to belong to everybody ; 

those who possess nothing have been robbed by those who possess 
something." 

The second article of the same number is entitled " Journalism," 
and it reproves the press in general for its indolence and fear. It 
reproaches it with neglecting the development of republican princi- 
ples, and with occupying itself with religious discussion. " It ought 

to accost questions of principles We want now more 

than changes of men. It ought to say, all that is con- 
nected with religious worship is contrary to our progress ; while 
at the same time whenever the people are religious they talk non- 
sense." But one of the most impious and disgusting of all these 
appeals to vice and ignorance was an address published at Carcar- 
sonne in 1837, and signed by Barbes, the hero of the emeute of the 
12th and 13th of May, and five other persons. In this production 
our Savior is called " the democratic Son of Mary. ''^ 

That such seed sown in such soil shotild bear its natural fruit, in- 
surrections, murders, and other crimes, is only in the usual com-se 
of human affairs. But while I am writing, a striking fact has taken 
place, proving how deeply these deplorable doctrines have become 
mracinated in the country, and how feeble are human institutions to 
repress disorder, when culpable fanaticism has reached a pitch of 
exaltation which renders the enthusiast as reckless of his own life as 



26 France^ its King, Court, ^c. 

of that of anotlier. A young man, not eighteen years of a,ge, met 
a police officer upon the Boulevards, and deliberately shot him 
down. The yictim was utterly unknown' to the murderer, but the 
latter had been accused of some participation in the emeute of May, 
and committed this atrocious act to gratify an indiscriminate thirst 
for vengeance. An opposition journal, the Courrier Fran^ais, 
makes the following reflections upon the subject, which are not de- 
void of intprest :. 

" A sergeant-de-ville has been shot in open day, in a frequented 
street, and without any provocation. It is not a malefactor b}'' pro- 
fession who has committed this crime. A motive of vengeance, that 
we regret to call political, has, it is said, influenced the assassin. 

" The fact is a grave onej graver than we can describe. It seems 
to prove, that political passions are degraded in France, and that the 
manners of the southern countries have penetrated among a people 
whose distinctive character has heretofore been loyalty. The days 
of the fifth and sixth of June were a pitched battle, fought between 
a party and the public force. The emeute of lSo9 presented a 
■character more atrocious, for the insurgents fired upon the soldiers 
nearly disarmed ; but they were yet far from those tactics of assas- 
sination attempted upon the isolated agents of authority. But if 
things are at this point, if the crime is to be- reproduced, we shall 
have fallen into barbarism. 

" The most extreme parties are not less interested than the most 
moderate opinions in refusing all kind of sympathy for such acts. 
A party which should encourage them, even by its silence, would 
present itself to posterity with a spot upon its flag. But we ad- 
jure all good citizens to think upon it. What prevents malefactors, ' 
numeroiis and organized as they are, from putting society in danger, 
is the conviction that they are hated and despised by all the world, 
and that they can nowhere find support. Let them reduce to the 
same isolation the small number of men whom political passions may 
have niade insensible to despair, let them be deprived even of 
the approbation of their co-believers, and they will not fail to return 
to better sentiments." 

This is all very true, but the evil is far deeper than the writer 
seems willing to avow ; and his remedy is but the palliative of the 
empiric, who knows neither the constitution of the patient, nor the 
pathology of the disease. He must go far deeper into the organiza- 
tion of society in France who hopes to restore this part of the pub- 
lic body to a sound state. 

As to the consequence of such doctrines and their practical in- 
culcation, these are sufficiently obvious to strike the attention of 
the most careless observer, and sufficiently alarming to awaken all 
his solicitude. Where moral and religious principles have lost their 
force, and human punishment, its terror, what hold has society upon 
its members ? And when, to the freedom from these necessary re- 
straints is added the impulse which is given, to crime by the excited 
passions that so many causes call into action, it is rather to be won- 



France^ its Kkigj Court, 4'c. 27 

dered that no more serious misfortunes have marked the progress of 
movement and opinion in France. The Assassin of the age of the 
Crusaders, and the Indian who runs a muck in more modern times, 
were fanatics of different schools, hut not more dangerous in the 
execution of the plans -marked out for them, than the young man 
who sacrificed the sergeant-de-ville to his vengeance. 

I must give you a little interlude as a vehicle for conveying a 
Fi;ench notion of a revolution. M. Guizot has translated the work of 
Mr. Sparks containing .the biography and writings of Washington ; 
and has prefixed to this translation a memoir, wiitten with great 
force and beauty, upon the character of our illustrious countryman, 
and upon the spirit of the times in which he lived. Many of the 
prominent features of the man and of his age have been considered 
and happily exhibited. The great error — and it is a common error 
in Europe — has been to assign to Washington too important a part, 
and to the body of the people too insignificant a one, in our great 
political drama. Our social constitution is an enigma to the old 
world, and it is obvious, in all their specula;tions upon our true con- 
dition and upon the probable duration of our institutions, that that 
element of our safety which depends upon general knowledge, and 
upon the moral force of a well-regulated public opinion, a public - 
opinion in which all partake, is either wholly unknown or very im- 
perfectly comprehended. Washington is the great figui-e upon our 
political canvas ; and he who knows no revolutions which are not 
regulated and controlled by some master mind, and among a peo- 
ple, who require a visible representative with whom to embody their 
opinions — and, as the critic says, whom we shall quote by and by, a 
bloody shirt as a material emblem of theii- wrongs — may well sup- 
pose, that the leaders alone" possessed the moral force which carried 
our country through her struggle. But the issue depended'on no one 
man ; and though the peculiar characteristics of Washington were 
admirably suited to his station and duties, still the great work would 
have gone on to its consummation if he had never existed. Nor 
was there a single moment, from the firing of the first gun at Lex- 
ington, till the disappearance in the horizon of the British fleet, 
after the evacuation of New York, when the commander of the 
Arnerican armies could have seized the sovereign power. Such an 
occurrence was impossible, as we all know. And had the defection 
of Arnold been followed by a thou.sand examples, this mass of trea- 
son would have left the great struggle unscathed. Certainly any 
untoward attempts like these would have shaken public confidence 
in the prominent men of the day, and would have *added to tho dif- 
ficulties of the arduous contest : and another commander, by a 
series of measures less adapted to the position of the country and to 
the habits of the troops, might have encountered more reverses, and 
rendered more sacrifices necessary. The elevation of Gates or 
Conway to this position would certainly have gone as far to hazard 
the success of the cause, as it could be hazarded by comparative 
presumption and imbecility. 



28 France^ its King^ Court, Sfc. 

I am sure you will not understand me as seeking to detract, in. 
the slightest degree, from the just claims and fame of our venerated 
hero. No, he stands in my estimate of human character above all 
mere men who have ever existed. His principles and conduct are 
the brightest spot of history. But justice to his memory does not 
demand any extravagant panegyric, which, while affecting to exalt 
his merit, degrades the character of his countrymen. If he were 
yet on earth, he would be the first to disavow such pretensions. 
There was glory enough in the revolutionary struggle to allow a just 
partition among aU who participated in it. I am sure M. Guizot is 
above any such narrow feeling ; but there is evidently, in these Eu- 
ropean efforts to appreciate, and to over-appreciate, the importance 
of Washington to the successful result of the Revolution, an arriere 
pensee, as the French say, deserving anything but commendation 
from an American. As the influence of a chosen one, or of a chosen 
few, ascends in the estimate of general exertion, the value of the 
services of the great mass of society diminishes. Our Revolution 
was an epoch, dividing two great periods in the history of man. It 
shuts out the time of blind submission to arbitrary powei^ and opens 
that of examination, of discussion, and of resistance. It is a great 
landmark, an object of terror to some and of hope to others, as 
their habits of thinking render them more or less susceptible to the 
advantages of political progress. M. Guizot is a Conservative, but 
he sees in our Revolution a natural and just change of political in- . 
stitutions. It is obvious, however, that he deprecates any farther 
convulsions in France. Those less liberal than he is in their appre- 
ciation of our condition, and equally indisposed to domestic changes 
in their respective countries, but who cannot call in question the 
striking moral features of our Revolution, feel their self-love less 
wounded, and their principles less compromitted, by exalting an in- 
dividual, than by praising a community. The American Revolution 
was a great event — though, as they think, not a happy one — but it 
was principally due to one man ; and that man, by some accidental 
dispensation of Providence, was placed as far above his countrymen 
by his eminent qualities, as by his services and position. Any sac- 
rifice is better, in the eyes of this school of opinion, than a recog- 
nition of the intelligence and moral force of the American people. 

But to return to M. Guizot's work. It has just issued from the 
press, and has already led to several favorable criticisms in the 
journals ; and yesterday, in one of the papers having the most ex- 
tensive circulation, appeared a critical notice, written and signed by 
M. Leon Foucher, who, I suppose, is one of a class of authors 
abounding in Paris, who devote themselves to a kind of fugitive 
literature for the journals, reviews, and other periodical works. 
Many of them are highly esteemed for their general ability. They 
write criticisms, literary notices, and what are called feuilletons, 
that is, tales and essays which occupy the lower part of the journals, 
across which a separating line is drawn — above this line being 
found the usual contents of a daily paper, and below these literary 



France, its King, Court, ^c. 29 

productions. They are generally signed by the author ; and if you 
take up a Paris newspaper this line of demarcation will at once 
strike your eye, and you will find it is a boundary which separates 
two diiferent provinces of human knowledge. I understand that 
many writers are supported by their labors in this more humble 
field of literature, though I do not know the amount they receive. 
Some of the most celebrated literary names of France, howevei, 
are to be found in these repositories. 

Our system of newspaper subscription is very little known in th,is 
country. With us, subscribers and advertisements support the 
journals, and he must be poor indeed who is not upon the subscrip- 
tion list of some newspaper printer. But here there are almost no 
advertisements, the price preventing their insertion ; for the charge, 
including the tax, is from thirty to forty cents a line of between 
thirty-five and fifty letters. And the general subscription price of 
~a newspaper is sixteen dollars, and this newspaper not resembling 
one of our formidable sheets, but presenting a latitude and longi- 
tude indicative of a great change of climate in this department of 
public information. It is in the cafes and reading rooms, and simi- 
lar places of public resort, that all the journals of the day are to be 
found. These places are frequented by regular subscribers, as well 
as by other persons. They pay two sous — a little less than two 
cents — each ; and for this sum the readers can remain in the read- 
ing rooms as Iqng as they please, and peruse at their leisure all the 
papers of the day. There are places where, in addition to this 
mental enjoyment, more substantial comfort is sold, in the guise of 
a cheap meagre red wine ; and here the lounger seats himself, 
with his favorite journal and his glass of vin ordinaire, and seems to 
laugh at the world, while he assuages his carnal and mental appe- 
tite at the same time. The French are both a frugal and a tempe- 
rate people, and their peculiar system of personal comfort is well- 
adapted to these principles of their social life. 

M. Leon Foucher indulges in some speculations upon our .Revo- 
lution, and criticizes some of the criticisms of M. Guizot. After 
recognizing with th6 illustrious author, that the grievances which 
led to our separation from England were rather abstract than prac- 
tical, rather apprehensions for the future than wrongs of the pre- 
sent, and consequently not of a nature to produce a powerful im- 
pression upon the mass of society, he adds : " It is by spreading 
out the miseries of the workmen, the bloody shirt of some victim, 
the humiliation of all, that the people are excited to take arms." 
He remarks — " that it is only the high intellects which regard the 
question of right ; and that the Revolution of the United States 
would never have become -popular, if the English authorities, in the 
course of the contest, had not committed acts of cruelty which 
exasperated all men's minds." He then proceeds to state, appa- 
rently as a corollary of what may be called his bloody-shirt princi- 
ple, that our Revolution was not popular with what he terms the 
inferior classes ; and then continues : " There lies the true cause of 



30 France^ its Kbig, Court, (Sfc. ♦ 

the embarrassment which has struck M. Guizot, and that Washing- 
ton could alone ov^-rcome, by his prudence, as well as by his firm- 
ness. Transport to the France of 1789 the principle of the Ame- 
rican Revolution, and one campaign of the coalesced powers would 
be enough to crush her. Admit that the principle of the French 
revolutions would have operated upon North America in 1775, and 
to drive the English into the sea would have been for Washington 
an aflair of three months only." 

And all this the writer no doubt considers the true philosophy of 
history. In his self-complacency, as an author and a Frenchman, it 
never occurs to him, that what he calls the different principles of 
these two great revolutions, or, in other words, the state of excite- 
ment and of terrible crimes, which marked the progress of the one 
event, and of firm resolution and continued exertion, destitute of all 
political fanaticism, which distinguished the other, — drew their origin 
from the characters of the respective people pushed to these strug- 
gles, and not from any peculiar political opinions of either of them, 
regarding the foundation of their rights, or the duty of resistance. 
The Frenchman might have considered the prospect of future op- 
pression not worth immediate exertion, while upon his ardent tem- 
perament a single wound may have required the propitiation of the 
fall of the Bastille. But most assuredly the Americans did not 
"want a visible signal to push them on ; and he who should have dis- 
played a Moody shirt for that purpose, would have been followed by 
the contempt of the spectators, and saluted with stones by every 
idle boy in the streets. It must be remembered in all attempts to 

" analyze the views of the French writers upon our country and 
government, that there is one peculiar fact to be kept in view, of 
the utmost importance in its bearing here, but which has not the 
slightest point of -resemblance to anything in the institutions of the 
United States. In all questions of national opinion and of political 
movement, Paris is France. From the first explosion in 178^*40 
the last emeiite in May^ 1839, not a single popular effort l^as over- 
turned, or seriously threatened to overturn, the existing go' ernment, 
which has not originated in the capital. And a very slight know- 
ledge of the elements of the society which compose its mass of a 
million of inhabitants is sufficient to explain how this multitude may 
be excited, and how a Moody shirt may perform an important part 
in the revolution of a kingdom. But, God be praised, we have no 
Paris, with its powerful influence aind its inflammable materials. 
He who occupies the loneliest cabin upon the very verge of civiliza- 
tion has just as important a part to pl^y in the fate of our country, 

, as the denizen of the proudest city in the land. There is no toc- 
sin from a tower, nor any rappel from a guard-house, which can 
announce to the defenders of our institutions, that they are in dan- 
ger. A drum or a bell whose roll or whose peal could reach the 
hundredth part of those upon whose affections our political edifice 
rests, will never be made by mortal hands. Such a sound will be 
heard but once by the human race. 



France, its Kingy Court, ^c. 31 

It is not to be doubted, that the British travellers who have visited 
the United States, and who have favored the world with the results 
of their observations, have produced an injurious effect upon the 
European estimate of our standard of morals and measures. There 
are a few honorable exceptions in this class of. writers ; but most of 
them are mere gossips in pantaloons or petticoats, who have crossed 
the Atlantic to read us homilies upon our barbarous usages, and 
who have returned to convince their willing countrymen that politi- 
cal institutions and social life in the new world offer nothing conso- 
latory to the observer. From the first to the last, and in some 
respects the least, of these travellers, Captain Marryatt, they have 
been distinguished by two traits of character,^ differing perhaps in 
intensity, but whose effects equally pervade the records of their ob- 
servations, a hostility to our institutions, and a gift o 'l credulity ut- 
terly incompatible with a calm appreciation and a ju^licious exami- 
nation of the peculiar moral features which our country presents. 
The worthy naval ofl&cer has the power of swallowing, and the facul- 
ty of digesting, such extraordinary productions, that if a classifica- 
tion were founded upon this capacity of conversion, he would cer- 
tainly find his place in the neighborhood of the ostrich. 

I have been pleased to observe, in the few notices which his work 
has called out in England, that its character has been estimated at 
its just value, and that the disposition qf the traveller to be gulled 
has been recognized, as well as a corresponding disposition to gratify 
him wherever he went ; so that he has gravely seized all that was 
offered a;nd manufactured much of a new book out of old jests. I 
felt assured of this, when I saw a quotation — for I have not inflicted 
upon myself the punishment of reading the work — wherein he as- 
serted that if you ask an American office-holder the value of his 
office, he will tell-you it is so much "besides stealings ;" and that 
it is a common expression in the States to say, that " a place is 
worth so much, besides cheatage.''^ And then, I suppose, follows a 
chapter up '>n American morality. Indeed, appropriate jests to serve 
as texts ioiP such dissertations are easily found by him who seeks 
them ; and.it is curious enough, that while I am writing, the press 
has sent out a work, to furnish as it were a proof of the truth of this 
remark. Sir Robert Steele has published a kind of history of his 
life and times, under the title of ^' The Marine Officer." He gives 
a picture of the " stealing s^^ in the British Navy, using a different 
term indeed, that of " abuses ; but as " a rose by any other name 
would smell as sweet," I suppose the true character of the act is not 
much changed by the denomination. As I know nothing of Sir 
Robert Steele, 1 cannot judge whether he has fallen upon some 
shrewd countryman, disposed to test his bump of belief ; but if he 
has, I can vouch for it, that his kind retailer of anecdotes has not 
more shrewdness nor dry humor than my friend A * * * *, of the 
Sault St. Mary's, who let Captain Marryatt into the secret of this 
sin of the American office-holders. But to the "stealings," or 
" cheatage" of English office-holders. " The abuse," says Sir 

3 



32 France, its King, Court, Sfc. 

Robert Steele, " in the rating, and even the practice of fictitious 
rating, on board ships, is totally changed since the time when the 
sailor and the marine were crossing the Admiral's paddock at Ply- 
mouth, in which two long-tailed coach-horses were grazing, and Jack 
took a shy-at one of them with a stone. ' My eyes. Jack,' exclaim- 
ed the jolly marine, ' don't pelt that poor fellow — he's rated quarter- 
master on our ship's books !' " I commend this anecdote to Captain 
Marryatt ; it may be made to suit the latitude of the United States in 
the next edition of his book, with about as much change in its version 
.as many stories he has told ; and which are not less familiar to the 
American lover of fun, than the choicest jokes of Joe Miller. 

I am well aware that this class of writers is below serious criti- 
cism, and that the periodical press of England has , taken us to task 
for the too great sensitiveness we have shown to their attacks. 
There is some justice in the observation. Flies, as they say, should 
not be broken on the wheel ; but I do not see why the musketoe 
may not be brushed away when he pesters you with his bite — 
or with his hum, which is worse than his bite. Our worthy 
Anglican progenitor, like many a professor who speaks ax cathe- 
dra^ can preach better than practice.' This too great suscepti- 
bility, or thin-skinnedness, as it has been called, is not confined 
to us. Let an European traveller arrive in England, and, after 
running over the country, describe the peculiar traits of its so- 
ciety, as they appear to him, and w*hat a storm is conjured up, 
from Johnny Groat's House to the Land's End, to overwhelm the 
luckless wight ! Who has forgotten Puckler Muskau and the Baron 
d'Haussez, and the indignant excitement of the English press when 
their works appeared ? And yet we have stronger reasons to re- 
deem our national character from these petty but provoking mis- 
representations than England ; for we are young, less known, and 
owing to the extent of our country, and to the progress and diver- 
sity of our settlements, and to other well-known causes — with a 
general distinctive character less clearly developed. Individual ec- 
centricities and local peculiarities abound in our country, precisely 
because the great freedom of our institutions, as well social as politi- 
cal, leaves the human mind more free from restraint than among 
other people, and prone to run wild, if I may so say, in its own luxu- 
riance. He who seeks to deduce national features from individual 
traits may find ample room for the exercise of his spirit of general!- i 
zation in the United States. But it requires more intellectual | 
power than has fallen to the class of English travellers who have ' 
made our country the theatre of their excursions, and the subject of 
their books, to appreciate those profound changes which the new 
world, with its two centuries of discovery, of conquest, and of settle- 
ment, and with all the moral accompaniments which have attended 
and followed these great efforts, has produced upon the -descendants 
of the English Puritans who sought civil and religious liberty upon 
its shores. And these travelling bookmakers come among us bring- 
ing with them a scale of civilization founded upon some conventional 



France, its King, Court, 6fc. 33 

observances at tome, perhaps as peculiar as they are narrow ; and by 
this the claims of another people to their true rank in general esti- 
mation are to be judged. This measure of our moral stature may 
be termed the chop-stick or silver-fork standard, as it is employed 
by a Chinese or English observer — the former really considering as 
a barbarian every one who does not eat with his national instrument ; 
and the latter affecting an equal contempt for all who have the mis- 
fortune to substitute a steel fork for a silver one, including ninety- 
nine out of a hundred of his own countrymen, and probably, if the 
truth were told, himself also. That the fashion of this world passeth 
away is early impressed upon every reflecting mind. But I do not 
know a better proof of the truth of this remark, connected with the 
present subject, than is furnished by the revolution in the history of 
toothpicks. Lord Chesterfield was the arbiter eleganiiarum'oi his 
day, and his book was long the code of fashionable ethics. During 
the sway of this legislator, the picking of the teeth at table was the 
unpardonable sin in the hcmt ton, the one great offence which ex- 
cited the liveliest indignation of the modern Minos, and against 
which he launched his heaviest denunciations. But how are the 
mighty fallen — or rather how are the fallen raised up ! Th£ little 
reviled and denounced instrument now makes its appearance at all 
tables, being as readily placed beside the plate of each guest, as the 
knife, fork, and spoon, — aye ! and as regularly used too ! 

The Americans use steel forks, and knives also, and therefore 
have no claim to be civilized. What miserable affectation all this 
is. Who has not seen the knife used sometimes in the best com- 
pany in Europe ? For myself, when put upon my gentility, I can 
manage to tear my meat with a fork and to convey it to my mouth, 
calling in the aid of a little piece of bread scarcely sufficient to pre- 
serve my fingers from the plate. But I have found the old process 
a very comfortable one, and I have ate many a meal in the woods 
withotit a fork, and never a more pleasant one than when cutting a 
piece of venison rib from the stake, upon which I had watched it 
and roasted it before the fire. 

When I first arrived in Europe, I was so forcibly struck with the 
many outlandish things I saw and heard, that I commenced a kind of 
common-place book, in which I entered the most prominent of these 
aberrations from the true standard of civilization, as the code is taught 
by the English travellers who visit the United States. I entitled my 
collection of curiosities, " TroUopiana, or things I have seen in Eu- 
rope, to be appended to the next edition of Trollope, Hall, Hamil- 
ton, et id genus om.ne.''^ The task, however was not to my taste, 
and I soon abandoned it. But I will give you a specimen of the 
nature of these collections and recollections, to show how easily na- 
tional recriminations may be found for national criminations ; and 
how fallacious and unjust must be any general deduction of the cha- 
racter of a great people from facts which form the exceptions, and 
not the rules, of their life and conversation. A Hannibalian war- 
fare may be a good system of tactics in contests for national power, 



34 France J its King, Court ^ SyC. 

but in tte adjustment of these moral differences, the cause of truth 
is not promoted by pursuing a course of operations with respect to 
another, which you accuse of injustice when applied to yourself. 
My object is to, prove the palpable iniquity of our traducers by 
showing the bearing of the principles they have adopted when ap- 
plied to their own country — a country whose moral standard is high 
in the estimation of the world, and to which we can look with pride 
as the birth-place of our ancestors ; and a country, too, with which 
we have many associations to bind us in lasting friendship. 

Now to my argumenta ad homines. I will tell what 1 have seen, 
read and heard. 

I saw the Doorkeeper of the House of Lords, on the 21st of June, 
1838,. in a state of intoxication upon his post, and exhibiting a dis- 
gusting spectacle to every observer. 

I have seen the Members of the House of Commons guilty of that 
most ahominahle of all vices, and heretofore described as a peculi- 
arly American one, sitting with their feet raised and resting on the 
benches before them. 

I saw the passengers on board an English steamboat from London 
to Antwerp, called the " City of Hamburg," on the 1st of July, 
1838, being almost all English, seat themselves at table without 
being called, and take possession of almost all the places, there 
awaiting the dinner ; and I saw three or four Americans help some 
of the Ladies to seats, while many others were compelled to wait for 
a second table. 

I have seen the published report of a trial in which^— 

The Premier Baron of England, Lord de Roos, was convicted of 
cheating at cards ; and one of the witnesses, a gentleman of high 
family, avowed, that he examined the cards and found them marked, 
and afterwards played with De Roos and visited him ; and that he 
(the witness) made card-playing his principal occupation. 

And another witness, a Commander in the Navy, acknowledged 
he had gained £10,000 byplay; and another, an officer in the 
Army, that he had playe(i with De Roos after the cheating. 

And another, a Baronet, who, though he had seen De Roos cheat 
four years before, was unwilling to mention it, because De Roos 
was popular and a favorite with the club-^" and then he was a Peer, 
too!" 

A-nd another. Lord Bentinck, who confessed he played with De 
Roos after he knew he cheated. 

And another, George Payne, who played with, and betted on him. 

I have seen that an impostor, calling himself Sir William Courte- 
nay, pretended to divine inspiration, and that he selected for the 
theatre of his performances the Archiepiscopal See of the Primate ■ 
of all England. And this man, claiming to be the Savior of the 
world, collected around him many disciples, and finally, resisting 
the civil authority, perished, with many of his followers and oppo- 
nents, in the effort to establish his power. And crowds of people' 
flocked to see him after his death, and large sums of money were 



France, its King, Courts S)-c. 35 

given for locks of his hair, and for his clothes, and for rags dipped 
in his blood. 

I have seen an English Marquis, Waterford, engaged in a dis- 
graceful contest with Norwegian police officers, and rendering him- 
self contemptible for what we should call blackguard breaches of the 
peace wherever he went. 

I have seen an Earl, Roscommon, fined for being drunk, and un- 
able to take care of himself in the street. 

I have seen a Marquis, Huntley, declared a bankrupt. 
I have seen a member of the House of Commons accuse the Com- 
mittee of Elections of perjury. ■ And I have seen a distinguished 
Review, the Edinburgh, fortify the accusation, by asking, what 
would be thought if Committees of Congress were stained with a 
hundredth part of the suspicions under which the Election Com- 
mittees of the House of Commons labor. 

1 have seen the following speech of Mr. Bradshaw, Member of ' 
Parliament, at a public dinner : " I hope Sir Robert Peel and the 
Duke of Wellington will purge the Court of the filth which offends 
the nostrils of all but those whose sense is so vitiated that they do 
not know vice from virtue, or purity from impurity. Innocence is 
confounded with guilt. Virgin innocence is banished from the 
palace, while vice riots rampant at the royal board.'' 

I have read a paragraph in a speech of a Member of the House of 
Commons, which charged the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert 
Peel with being anxious to place their friends about the queen for 
the purposp of compassing her death. 

I have read — and who has not ? — the history of the affair of Lady 
Flora Hastings. If such an event, with its accompanying incidents, 
had happened in the mansion of the President of the United States, 
it would have furnished a mass amply sufficient to glut even twenty 
Trollopes. 

I have seen the attacks growing out of this affair, contained in the 
English journals, charging and retorting, against the greatest names 
of England, not the usual ebullitions of party and political rancor, 
but imputations upon moral character, and allegations of the viola- 
tion of the decencies of life, — and these distinctly specified, in the 
face of the country and the world, in terms which I shall not pre- 
sume to repeat to your readers. Among these names were those of 
the Duke of Wellington, Lord Melbourne, Lord Lyndhurst, the 
Marquis of Headfort, Lord Ellenborough, Lord Palmerston, and 
others which have escaped my recollection, and which I have no 
disposition to seek and record. 

The Journal des Debats, in quite a recent number, that of January 
18th, 1840, which has appeared since the above was written, has 
come out with a full exposition of this extraordinary warfare, for the 
benefit of the continental scandal-mongers, and has added to it some 
remarks not devoid of interest, which 1 shall here insert. 

After a full account of the publications upon this subject, the 
Journal des Debats then proceeds : — " The discussion is continued 



36 France^ its King, Court, Sfc. 

for some time in the same tome. We have seen the moment when 
the Standard was about to demand a jury of matrons. Truly we 
begin to believe, that the iron window shutters of Apsley House* 
have not been placed there as a protection against the insults of the 
populace, but rather as a sort of discreet leaf, destined to mask 
the statue,! not over bashful, which the fair daughters of Albion 
have elevated to their Achilles opposite to his house, and which 
they have inhumanly expossd to all the rigors of the weather of . 
Hyde Park. Alas ! the warrior who is honored by all England, after 
so many campaigns in all parts of the world, after so many palms 
gathered under all suns, after so many crowns received upon his 
white head, could he have expected, at the end of a career so well 
tried and well filled, to see added to all these palms and to all these 
laurels a last crown of orange flowers .'' 

" No one will attribute to us the wish of making ourselves the 
echo of any scandalous chronicle. [?] If we have recorded here 
some sketches of a discussion which has appeared to us curious in 
several points of view, it is in order to show how far, in a country 
where we love to take lessons of political conduct, minds badly or- 
ganized can carry the abuses of parliamentary fictions, j and to what 
> forgetfulness of all dignity and of all propriety the spirit of party can 
lead men whose social position and education render their errors but 
the more inexcusable." 

I have seen the following beauties of the English periodical 
press : — 

Tke Times— -'■'■ O'Connell, an ungrateful hypocrite, ' has been 
making a rabid howl .... A miscreant, the worthless, bastard 
progeny of the Dublin newspapers." 

The Htrald—'-'- The impertinent coxcombry of Lord Melbourne's 
letters." 

The Standard — " The most shabby of all shabby administrations 

. . . We find the Whigs uniformly tricky and shabby." 

The Times, speaking of the administration, says : — " We "do not 
believe the Demon they still have served can save them." 

The Courier — ■" Is there anything to which Lord Melbourne will 
not sink for money .''" 

The Standard — " We may observe that in less than a week after 
this declaration was made. Lord Melbourne, either had run away 

from his post, or told a falsehood. The latter he will think 

the lighter transgression." . ..." To the callousness to the 
charges we may now add telling a ." 

The Globe, speaking of barefaced calumnies in the Standard, 
says: — " The scoundrels who put forth such insinuations," &c. 

The Standard, speaking of the resignation of the Marquis of 

* The residence of the Duke of WellingSon, which is provided with iron 
window-shutters. 

t The bronze statue erected in Hyde Park in honor of the Duke of Wellington, 
is, as is well known, in puris naturallbvs. 

i Allusion is here made to a branch of the discussion which has been omitted. 



France, its King, Court, 8fc. 37 

Conyngham, eays : — " flfter what has occurred in the royal house- 
hold, it can be much more easily understood, why a gentleman 
should withdraw frojn it, than why he should remain in it." 

The Post, speaking of Lord Melbourne says : — " The man who 
could write this letter deserves to be spit upon by every mother's 
son in the three kingdoms." 

The Standard, speaking of a dispatch of the French Consul at 
Alexandria, says :. — ^" One needs not know much of the forms of 
diplomacy to be convinced that this is a Zie." 

The Times, says that — " the British diplomatic agents at Con- 
stantinople were guilty of sneaking intrigue, gross ineptitude, un- 
matched stupidity." 

The Morning Chronicle — " To environ royalty with falsehood, 
and to infuse it into her very soul, is the aim of Toryism." 

The Chronicle — " The Quarterly comes out with an elaborate 
article to prove the queen is a liar." 

The Chronicle — "That the Times has a conscience, who wiU 
deny, that knows how often it has sold it.?" .... "Whether it ■ 
plays the canting hypocrite, or the coarse blackguard," &c. 

The Waterford Chronicle — " This is the only one of the enor- 
mous lies of our sanctimonious contemporary." . . . " There are 
not such liars in the world as some of these High Church Tory 
organs." 

Chronicle-^'' The bitter and shameless falsehood of the Tory 
journals." 

Times — " The lying Premier and his Home Secretary." 

Times— ■■^'' The Cabinet .... the sordid and selfish slaves of the 
great patron and protector of the worthless Whigs." 

Times-s—'-'- The Whigs ar'e irreijocably spavined, glandered, broken- 
winded, and doomed to slaughter." 

It is obvious in perusing the extracts I have given from the French 
acte oF accusation above referred to, and which exhibits the creed of 
the persons engaged in efforts to overturn the government, that the 
object is not at all confined to a change of political institutions, to 
the substitution of a republic for a monarchy, but thj,t it |^;tends to 
the fundamental basis of society, seeking the destruction of private 
rights, and of all the barriers which defend property fChd order. Un- 
doubtedly, in these crowded regions of the old world there is much 
misery, and the comforts of life are very unequally distributed. 
He who depends for existence upon public charity, or he who,, by 
constant labor and continual privations, barely supports life without 
becoming a mendicant, may be easily taught to look upon, the prin- 
ciples to which he attributes all these evils, as equally unjust in their 
foundation, and oppressive in their operation. Where there ia 
much physical suffering, there are the elements of discontent, and 
material of revolutions. The history of the flight of David, and of 
the rebellion of his son Absalom, teaches us how easily, by artful 
representations, the unfortunate young man " stole the hearts of the 
men of Israel ;" and this lesson has been repeated in succeeding 



38 France, its King, Court, Sfc. 

ages till it is " familiar in our mouths as li(5usehold words." And 
tlie address of Catiline to his fellow conspirators, as recorded by 
Sallust, sufficiently evinces the knowledge which that Roman prole- 
taire had of the springs of action that may be easily put in motion 
when misery oppresses any considerable portion of the population — 
" At nobis est domi indpia, /oris alienum; mala res, spes multo as- 
perior ; denique quid reliqui habemus, prcBter miser am animamV 
There is no problem in human society fr*aught with more important 
consequences than that which seeks to combine the happiness of the 
greatest number with the necessary principles of public order and 
private rights. Visionary men, feeling right, but thinking wrong, 
may declare war against the 'existing institutions of society, and 
talk about the evils and selfishness of riches, and the justice of an 
equal partition of all the products of industry ; and Utopian politi- 
cians may dream of some far-off regions where there is neither 
wealth nor poverty, where each labors for one and for all, and where 
self is lost in indiscriminate benevolence. But such regions must 
be sought on another globe than this. If the curse of labor, the 
first fruit of disobedience, descended upon mankind, it was accom- 
panied by the stimulus of necessity and by the passion of acquisi- 
tion. Without this selfish hope, and without the barriers which 
fence round whatever can minister to it, what would become of the 
nations of the world } Who would labor from the morning of life 
till its close, with hand or head, and toil in any of the innumerable 
spheres of action, which in their ensemble constitute' the aggregate 
of society, if the reward he hopes to find in the product of his 
industry may be wrested from him. by the first lawless invader who 
chooses to appropriate to himself what he pleases } And between 
the unlimited power of acquisition and enjoyment, and the indiscri- 
minate abandonment of all to all, human ingenuity has yet found no 
practicable medium. 

In our country, general comfort is compatible with all the secu- 
rity which is necessary for the reward of labor, and for its stimulus. 
Every man — and the vast importance of the truth will justify its 
repetitioiifc— every man, by industry and probity, may hope to gain 
the means of comfortable subsistence, and to accumulate something 
for "the decline of life. We owe this fortunate state of things, partly 
to the perfect freedom and equality of om- political institutions, 
partly to the happy condition of our society, and partly to the ad- 
vantages resulting from the situation of our country, connected with 
its capacity for the almost indefinite extension and comfortable sup- 
port of the population. 

But in Europe, this last great element of public happiness is be- 
yond the reach of the governments, and it is therefore the more ne- 
cessary thai they should use all the means within their power to im- 
prove the condition of the poorer classes of society, to extend the 
advantages of education to all, to, diminish the public expenses, to 
put a stop to oppressions, and to introduce the most impartial 
equality before the law, and into the public employments. In this 



France^ its King, Court, ^'C. 39 

way, and in this alone, can the political eflFervescence which is every- 
where visible in Europe be safely guided, when it cannot be wholly 
controlled. There is a forward movement in opinion, which can 
neither be misunderstood, nor put down. It has produced great 
changes, and will produce still greater. Its operation is a question 
of time only, but the extent and intensity of that operation depend 
essentially upon the wisdom and justice of the governments, and up- 
on the forbearance of the people. Ha^y will it be for both, if the 
changes demanded by the present statel5f society, and called for by 
the thinking class of the community, are made in time to prevent 
revolutions, instead of being the consequences of them. 

These general remarks are applicable in a much smaller degree to 
France and England, than to any other European countries. Both 
enjoy constitutional governments, and in both the great essential prin- 
ciples of public and private freedom are established beyond the reach 
of destruction. In both also, meliorations are demanded, and I have 
no doubt will be gradually ^introduced. But after all the changes 
that can be reasonably expected, if the American who has visited 
either does not return to his own free land a better patriot, and a 
more contented citizen, and with devout thanks to Providence that 
his lot has been cast in a happy place, he has shut his eyes to the 
light of tru.th, and his ears to the counsels of experience. However, 
as i abjure political propagandism, and am willing that every people 
should not only enjoy such a form of government as they please, 
but should be permitted to believe their own far better than any 
^er that is, or has been, or will be, or can be — I shall forbear any 
jlfrther political disquisitions. 

But as I have had the luck to be in a Parisian emeute, and as the 
facts which passed under my observation serve to show the charac- 
ter of the events which took place, a glance at them may not be un- 
acceptable to your readers. 

I did not wish that an erneute should occur at Paris, while I dwelt 
there, in order that I might see it ; but 1 was determined, if it did 
occur, that I would see it if possible. Accordingly, during the 
movements in May, I sallied out, not to mingle in adventures, but 
to witness them ; and after threading many a dirty street and alley, 
I reached a crowded part of the city, south of the Boulevards, be- 
tween the streets St. Martin and St. Denis, where all the commu- 
nications are narrow and crooked. At the intersection of four of 
these streets, 1 found a party of men busily engaged, some in break- 
ing the lanterns, and otherscin building a barricade to stop the troops, 
from materials furnished by a house which appeared to have been 
recently demolished. There was an immense crowd looking on, but 
the persons actually engaged in the work did not exceed forty, all 
of whom were dressed in that garment peculiar to the Paris work- 
men, called a blouse, and which resembles the hunting shirt I have 
often worn in the West, and which I suppose yet retains its place ia 
some parts of that vast region — though perhaps, like the buffalo in 
whose compar.y I have worn it, it has crossed the Mississippi, and 



40 France^ its King, Court, Sfc. 

may be now accompanying tlie hunter and the pioneer towards the 

Rocky Mountains. 

Seeing these men thus busily engaged, I inquired of some respecta- 
ble looking individuals, what their objects were ; but was told, with 
much decision and apparant frankness, that they were as ignorant of 
the matter as I was. It was obvious, from occasional signs and 
movements, that some associates of the party were placed in the 
various streets to give notice of the approach of any military body 
which might receive information of the illegal operations in progress. 
After some time the immense crowd seemed alarmed, and dispersed 
themselves in all the neighboring alleys, as fast as the impediments 
occasioned by their own numbers would permit. I then saw a de- 
tachment of regular s.oldiers approaching the barricade, and when 
they got near, the commanding officer formed his men across the 
principal street along which the fugitives were fleeing. I did not 
suppose it required much courage to remain, for I was sure a single 
unarmed man would not be fired upon ; and I felt satisfied that my 
character as a stranger would protect me from violence. I could not 
indeed, " hang out the banner on the outer wall," as Mr. Poinsett did, 
with such decision of mind and firmness of purpose, when his resi- 
dence was attacked and his person threatened in Mexico. I have always 
considered the conduct of our distinguished countryman upon that 
occasion as furnishing one of the happiest illustrations of the effect of 
decision and courage upon a mass of excited men, freed from legal 
restraint, which is to be found in the whole history of popular move- 
ments. It is almost the personification of Virgil's beautiful allusifl|| 
to the appearance of the " viruvi gravem meritis,^'' who presents 
himself to the enraged crowd, and stills the tumult of their passions. 
With one change, rendered necessary by the circumstances which 
called for action, not for words, we may adopt the last line of this 
highly wrought simile, and say of our countrymen, what the Roman 
poet said of' his — " Ille regit dictis aminos et pectora mulcety Hu- 
man life afi"ords no prouder moment, than that when the Minister 
threw out his country's flag, and when he and his little suite, while 
watching its stars and stripes as they unfolded themselves, beheld 
•the effect which this appeal — this visible declaration, " Sum civis 
Americanus,'''' — produced in the capital of Montezuma, and upon an 
ignorant infuriated multitude. Our sister republic was spared the 
commission of a crime which would have drawn upon her the execra- 
tion of the civilized world. 

I had no such part to play, and most assuredly, if I had had, I 
could not have played it so nobly. I was a spectator only, and as 
such watched the proceedings before me. The officer waved his 
hand to the people who, from the windows of the neighboring houses, 
were regarding the proceedings, intimating to them to withdraw from 
the approaching danger. _ He then directed his command to aim, 
and the guns were brought to bear upon the flying crowd. At this 
moment I stepped up to the officer, and told him 1 had been a spec- 
tator of the whole occurrences in that quarter for some time, and that 



France^ its King, Gourt, S^c. 41 

the people upon wliom he was about to fire were persons who, like 
me, had not been engaged in the mischief, but had been led by cu- 
riosity to watch its progress. I added, that those who were really 
guilty had escaped by the lateral alleys, having been warned in time 
of his approach by their spies. The officer appeared to be a dis- 
creet man, and opposed to unnecessary severity. He directed his 
men to bring their arms to a shoulder, but many of them hesitated, 
and I saw him strike their pieces with his sword, before they were 
withdrawn from the position of firing. I had thus the evidence of 
my own eyes, that the assertions respecting- the infidelity of the 
military, and their indisposition to support the government in a mo- 
ment of extreme peril, were false. They were anxious to act, and 
to act efficiently. 

The King, Louis Philippe, is now about si^ty-six years of age. 
His constitution, however, is vigorous, and there are no marks of 
declining years about him. His frame is large, but there is much 
ease in his movements, and his whole carriage is marked by that 
happy address which good taste, and the polished society where he 
has moved, have enabled him to acquire. His countenance is striking 
and expressive, and displays the possession of great intellectual 
power. He belongs to that small class of men, the individuals com- 
posing which you cannot meet in a crowd, or pass' in the street, 
without turning round to regard them, and involuntarily asking 
yourself, who they are. All the engravings representing him give 
a likeness more or less just, because his is one of those faces which 
the painter cannot well mistake. He speaks and writes English as 
fluently as any Englishman or American ; and I understand he pos- 
sesses as familiar a knowledge of most of the modern languages. He 

, is very ready in conversation, and displays great tact and judgment 
in his observations. His education was most complete and careful, 
an'd superintended by the celebrated Madame de Genlis, It is said 
to have been eminently useful and practical, and he was thus fortu- 
nately the better jirepared for those adverse circumstances with 
which his early life was chequered. In his domestic relations he is 
eminently happy ; and as a husband, brother, and father, he is with- 
out reproach. In the execution of his public duties, he is said to be 
prompt and attentive ; and in illustration of his conscientious appli- 
cation to his functions I will mention an anecdote, upon the truth of 

' which you can depend. Mr. Stevenson, our Minister in England,- 
had heard a report, coming from a distinguished French statesman, 
that in all questions afiecting the life of a man the King was exceed- 
ingly scrupulous, and made a point of examining the papers with 
remarkable fidelity. Some extraordinary occurrence called this 
gentleman to the palace at a late hour in the night-r-as late, indeed, 
i think, as two o'clock — when he found the King in his cabinet, 
examining with his usual caution, the case of a man condemned to 
execution. Mr. Stevenson, in the course of conversation with the 
King, alluded to this circumstance, and found the statement sub- 
stantially correct. He ascertained afterwards, and from another 



42 France y its King, Court, ^c. 

quarter, that the King keeps a register, in which is recorded the 
name of every person condemned to capital punishment, together 
with thq decision, and the reasons which led to the confirmation of 
the sentence, or to its remission. In the still hours of the night, 
the King performs the painful task of investigating these cases, with 
the just sentiments of a man upon whom weighs the responsibility of 
the question of the life or death of a fellow-creature. And he 
records, himself, the circumstances which influence his decision. It 
is a noble example, and one which ought to be followed by all 
magistrates, monarchical or republican, called to fulfil this painful 
duty. 

It is difficult for an American to form a correct notion of the labor 
which devolves upon a King of France. With us, the political ten- 
dency is to subdivide power, and to send it, as much as possible, to 
be executed in the various localities which its exercise concerns. 
But here a contrary tendency manifests itself; and a spirit of cen- 
' tTalization pervades the system of government, which, while it adds 
strength to the general administration, greatly augments the royal 
duties. In our country such a course of procedure would be intole- 
rable were it practicable, and impracticable were it tolerable. How 
far the extent to which it is carried in France is expedient, I do not 
sufier myself to pronounce. Recollect that the kingdom contains 
twice as many inhabitants as the United States, and that here there 
is one legislature and one chief magistrate to execute the duties 
which are performed in our country by thirty legislatures and thirty 
chief magistrates, as well Federal, as State and Territorial ; and 
that, besides these duties, common to both nations, there is a great 
variety of others, which in France are reserved to the government, 
while with us they depend upon municipal or local authorities. 
And in addition to ttis marked difference of political organization, 
there is a great number of acts whose direction and control are 
within the sphere of public power in this country, which in ours are 
altogether free, and without the domain of legal or administrative 
regulation, [t would surprise,, and perhaps amaze, your readers, had 
I time to give even a catalogue raisonnee of these restraints upon 
what we consider national liberty ; but as I cannot do this, I will 
transcribe from the Moniteur of yesterday, December the 23d, 1839, 
a few extracts from royal ordinances signed by the King, which will 
furnish a general notion of the extent of the Executive duties in 
France : 

" Are authorized — Le Sieur George to keep in operation his flour- 
mill upon the river Blaise commune de Sainte Liviere. 

" Le Sieur Mathclin to convert into a flour-mill his plaister-mill 
upon the rivulet de Tanlay. 

" Le Sieur Boisset to add to the forge du Maillet, he owns upon 
the river de Loire, &e., a furnace to melt iron ore, a hand washing- 
place for the preparation of the mineral, and a pounding-mill for the 
dross. 

" Les Sieurs Pillion, Destombs, and their associates, to transfer 



France J its King, Court, 8^c. 43 

to the commune of MauTberge the iron manufactory they were au- 
thorized, by the ordinance of December 12th, 1837, to establish in 
the commune of Saint Remy-lVTal-Bati. ThLs last ordinance is re- 
pealed. 

' " Les Sieurs Dupont and Dreyfus, to construct a second furnace 
near that which they possess in the commune of Apremont." 

Then follows an order for the classification 'of various roads, as 
royal roads, or as departmental ; to which succeeds an authority to 
build a bridge on the Garden and other streams ; and then comes 
the establishment of the lines (alignements) of various roads in dif- 
ferent parts of the kingdom. 

How many ordinances these various dispositions required I do not 
know — the Moniteur enumerating the whole in one article, as the 
result of the ordinances signed by the king in the month of Novem- 
ber, upon the report of the Minister of Public Works. If*there 
were one ordinance for each act of authority, then sixty-five of these 
high Executive warrants must have been issued, giving the sanction 
of the Chief of the State to acts which with us belong "to individual 
discretion, or which depend for their legalization upon the loCal ma- 
gistrates. 

But I pass from these grave topics, to others of a lighter charac- 
ter — to the ceremonials of the Court of France, which are much 
simpler, and more to the taste of an American, than those of any 
other Coiirt of Europe. The usages which formerly held sway there, 
and which came down from the feudal times, have given place to 
observances more in conformity with the feelings of the age, and 
which are yet quite sufficient to preserve the dignity of the person- 
ages who, in monarchical governments, are environed, from public 
considerations, with peculiar- privileges, and with prestiges intend- 
ed to produce a moral effect upon a people essentially different 
from ours in their estimate of these external observances. The 
advancing tide of opinion is making sad havoc among the old in- 
trenchments of dignity in Europe — offices with titles quaint, pomp- 
ous, or ridiculous, which, while they really degrade, instead of ele- 
vating, those who bear them, reflect dishonor upon the country where 
they are suffered to exist ; evidences and relics of a barbarous age, 
" formed," as Mr. Burke said, " upon manners and customs that 
have long since expired." This great English reformer sixty years 
ago commenced an attack upon " these useless pieces of antiquity ;" 
but his effort, as it preceded the spirit of the age, failed before the 
influence of the times ; and though he partially succeeded, some two 
or three years later, yet, as he wittily observed, at the conclusion of 
an appropriate anecdote he told, he got so little, that he resembled 
the suitor who, being rejected by a widow, was driven to accept an 
old wig of her deceased husband's, instead of the fair hand he sought. 
In his remarkable speech upon that occasix)n, he said, in the British 
House of Commons, that " Kings are naturally lovers of low com- 
pany ;" and to exclude such association from the palace, and to bring 
to it a worthier class, he was prepared to retain much that he would 



44 France^ its King^ Court, ^c. 

otherwise have abolished : for, added he, " though these j^ersons are 
not much the better for a Court, a Cou?t will be much the better for 
them." If the well known imagination of the orator and rhetorician 
did not give to this description of regal manners a coloring which 
the strict reality did not justify, the Court of George the Third, if 
that was his prototyjoe, was far inferior to the Court of Louis Phi- 
lippe in just elevation" ; for the latter is beyond all reproach, in true 
dignity, in moral worth, and in the strict .observance of all the 
courtesies and proprieties of life. In its internal economy, menial 
offices are executed by servants, and the dignity of the recipient is 
not permitted to change the character of the service, and to exalt 
the station of him who renders it. There are military officers of 
distinguished reputation, among whom any man may be proud to 
find a friend, who are aids- de-camp and orderly officers, and who are 
in daily attendance to fulfil the various functions of duty and civility 
which devolve upon them. And there are also ladies of equal worth 
attached to the Court, who are always found with the Queen and 
Princesses. * But these have no antique, uncoutlTtitles, nor is there 
any invidious duty or distinction connected with them, or the mili- 
tary gentlemen, which could offend the most scrupulous self-esteem. 

Nothing has more painfully affected me, in the whole civil hie- 
rarchy of England, than the tenacious retention of these barbarous 
offices, menial in title as in fact, about the Court, and the avidity 
with which they are sought. Among the signs of the times, 
this is, in my opinion, one of the most inauspicious ; tending to 
degrade the class of society whose independence and true pride of 
character are thus sacrificed, and — though this effect cannot of 
course be any subject of regret to a republican observer — co-operat- 
ing powerfully with other causes, to shake the edifice of British 
aristocracy. 

Mr. Burke said, very pungently, that " it is not proper that great 
noblemen should be keepers of dOgs, though they were the king's 
dogs." But so does not thiiik Lord Kinnaird ; for a London paper 
of the last week says : — " Lord Kinnaird, the new master of her ma- 
jesty's buck hounds, has just taken for four months, Colonel Caven- 
dish's mansion at St. Leonard's within about ten miles of Windsor, 
for the purpose of being within the immediate neighborhood of the 
place of his official duties." His "official duties," indeed! A 
peer of England, a hereditary judge of the court of the last resort, 
a keeper of the Queeri's dogs ! — Nor is this an extreme, nor even a 
very strong instance, of the disgraceful absurdity here alluded to. 

A most instructive, as well as amusing, chapter might be written 
upon the history of these Court ceremonials, existing and extinct, 
which have heretofore controlled, in a greater or less degree, the 
destinies of nations. I have been told by one who spoke from his 
personal recollection, that when the unfortunate Marie Antoinette 
entered the French Court, she manifested a mixed feeling of dislike 
and contempt for the rigid etiquette which prevailed there ; and 
sought, in the gaiety of her heart, to withdraw herself from its ob- 



France, its King, Court, SfC. 45 

servance. He considered this disenchantment as the first in her long 
series of misfortunes, and as the commencement of that system of 
obloquy, which pursued her with relentless fury till it laid her head 
upon the scaffold. I can well appreciate her feelings in desiring to 
" walk abroad into nature,^'' out of the artificial atmosphere in which 
she lived. But I must confess, that I surveyed with surprise one 
place associated by tradition with her name, and, which assuredly I 
should have thought presented the last scene a young, beautiful, and 
accomplished woman would desire to visit. This was a stone bench 
in the catacombs under the city of Paris, which our guide told us 
had been constructed for the temporary repose of the queen and the 
gay and gallant Count d'Artois, when examining that impressive re- 
pository of the mortal remains of many generations which have died 
in this great city. You know these immense excavations • extend - 
under a considerable part of the capital, and that they have no 
doubt furnished its building ma.tei'ials since the earliest times. 
They are no longer worked, because the streets and many of the 
houses have been undermined, the surface of the ground, as well as 
buildings, occasionally fell in, and the government felt it necessary 
to check the farther progress of the evil. Pillars have been con- 
structed in the most exposed situations, and as it is some time since 
I have heard of any accidents, I presume there are. no farther appre- 
hensions. The entrance is secured, and admittance is obtained with 
some difiieulty, for, in Europe the public authorities are more care- 
ful of life than we are, and persons having been separated from the 
guides, have become lost, and perished in this vast field of the dead. 
What end can be more frightful ! To wander in this immense char- 
nel-house, surrounded by the mos.t revolting emblems of mortality, 
to perish in the midst of departed generations, is terrible indeed. 
The bones are all arranged with horrible symmetry. Pillar after 
pillar, and wall after wall, of arms, and legs, and ribs, hedge in the 
visiter, and form a narrow path, along which he follows the guide in 
impressive silence. And as the torches which are carried, and 
which alone light up these regions impenetrable to day, shed their 
feeble and flickering rays upon these sad memorials of humanity, the 
scene is painful beyond description. And then come the columns 
of sculls, and you may almost fancy, as the fitful light strikes them, 
that they are grinning upon you with diabolical malice. The whole 
cavern resembles the Valley of the Shadow of Death, so powerfully 
described by the prophet, rendered still more strange by the display 
of a kind of taste in the arrangement of the materials. 

I breathed freer when the portal of this great tomb closed behind 
me. 

In one of Victor Hugo's plays, Ruy Bias, these antiquated Court 
ceremonials are most happily hit ofi" ; and the efiect is m> good, that 
I am tempted to transcribe a passage. The scene is in Spain, 
where such a scene ought to lie, for we are told that one of its kings 
was almost burned to death, because the established usage prohibited 
hia removal from a large fire without the aid of a proper officer. 



46 s France^ its King, Court, ^c. 

The Queen. " I wish to go out." 

The Duchess of Alberquerque, making a profound salutation. 
" When the queen goes out, each door must be opened by a grandee , 
of Spain, having a right to carry a key. Such is the rule. But no 
grandee can be prese-nt^at the palace at this hour." 

The Queen. Then I am shut up. I am to be killed." 

The Duchess, with another reverence. " I am Camerara Mayor. 
I fulfil the duties of my office." , 

The Queen, after a moment of silence. " Quick, my ladies, 
bring cards, and let us play." 

The Duchess, to the ladies. "Don't move ladies." Then rising 
and making a reverence to the Queen, she adds ; " Her Majesty 
cannot play, according to the established ceremonial, except with 
kings or the relations of kings." 

The Queen, in a passion. " Well, bring these relations." 

The Duchess, making the sign of the cross. " God has not given 
any to the reigning King. The Queen Mother is dead, and ho is 
alone at present." • 

The Queen. " Let them serve me something to eat. Casilda, 
[ invite you to eat with me." 

The Duchess, making a reverence. " When the King is not 
present, the Queen eats alone." 

The Queen, losing all patience. " Oh, my God, what shall I do ! 
I don't go out, nor play, nor eat as I would. One year as a Queen^ 
is enough to kill me." 

A song is heard outside the palace. 

The Queen, to Casilda. " The wood is not thick here — this win- 
dow looks onJhe country — let us .try to see the singers." 

The Duchess, making a reverence. A queen "of Spain ought not 
to look out of the window." 

But the imagination of the author has not equalled the record of 
history. In the absurdity of these observances, " truth is strange, 
stranger than fiction." When Marie Antoniette arrived on the - 
frontiers of France, to espouse the Dauphin, she was divested of 
all her clothes, in a tent pitched for that purpose, and then habited 
in a French suit. Even Napoleon was led away by his penchant 
for these trifles to reestablish their observance at his Court •, and it 
is well known that at the coronation of the Empress there was quite 
a family scene, because he insisted that her train should be borne 
by his crowned sisters. 

Under the ancient regime, the right to have both folding-doors 
thrown open, or to sit upon a tabouret, which is a cushioned stool, 
was one of the greatest honors a subject could aspire to, and excited 
more sensation than many a political event Effecting the prosperity 
of the kir|g|dom. On particular days the King dined in public, 
when the principal personages of the Court and the kingdom were 
seen standing at his chair, holding plates and towels under their 
arms and in their hands. ' 

Burke says that one of his predecessors in reform, Lord Talbot, 



France, its King, Court, 6fc. 47 

failed in his efforts, " because the turnspit in the King's kitchen 
was a Member of Parliament." I do not know if the importance 
of this office has diminished since that day, but as I find, that even 
in the Red Book for 1S40 the Chief Cook, the First Master Cook, 
the Second Master Cook, and the Third Master Cook,i are all 
designated '■^ Esquires,'^'' 1 may presume it is yet considered suffi.- 
ciently honorable for a Member of Parliament to turn the King's 
spit. In Scotland, Sir W. Anstruther, a Baronet, is hereditary 
carver, having the right, standing at a side table, to cut up the 
meats; and Sir James Carnegie is hereditary cup-bearer, to wait 
upon the King when he desires to drink. I find one appointment in 
the Red Book which I trust, during the reign of a (^ueen, and for 
the sake of conjugal happiness, will be a sinecure, that of " leather 
breeches maker^' to her Majesty. 

England may well afford to sweep away what Mi-. Burke called 
these "incumbrances and nuisances," which are as oiTensive to true 
taste as they are incompatible with true dignity. She has justly 
earned for herself so proud a name in the world, that her institu- 
tions need no false tinsel to set them off, nor her Ligh personages 
any barbarous and antique of&ces, to shelter them from general 
observance, or to give them a factious elevation. The period of 
' mystification is passing away. 

When there is. a public presentation at the Tuilleries, the various 
.strangers, belonging to different nations who desire to be present, 
make known their wishes to their proper Minister, who communi- 
cates them to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and from whom, or 4 
from the Introducer of Ambassadors, an answer is given, authoriz- 
ing their rejseption, and indicating the proper day and hour.. When 
this time arrives, these persons repair to the palace, and are intro- 
duced into a suit of apartments, commencing at what is called the 
throne room, and extending along the front of this immense build- 
ing. The visiters are arranged in one line, passing down one 
side of the apartments and up the other. Their position depends 
tipon the rank and seniority of the representative of their country. 
The Ambassadors are nearest the point where the King approaches ; 
and then follow the Ministers Plenipotentiary, tlie Ministers Resi- 
dent, and the Charges, each in the order of time when he was ac- 
credited at the Court. This sensible tirrangement, which every 
where prevails at present, in diplomatic precedence, was adopted by 
the Congress of Vienna, and has terminated all those ridiculous dis- 
putes about ra,nk whicii heretofore occupied such a space in the 
history of national intercommunication. . The King and all his 
family enter the public rooms together, and the King commences 
his attention to the circle by a few moments conversation with the 
oldest Ambassador present. This Ambassor then passes along the 
line, with the King, presenting in succession each of his country- 
men, and stops when he arrives at the end of his charge. Here the 
King salutes him, which he returns, and then the same ceremony takes 
place with the next diplomatic agent, — and so on, in succession, till 

4 



48 France^ its King^ Court , 8fC. 

the circle is completed. The name of each person is mentioned to the 
King, and he addresses him a few questions, generally having rela- 
tion to his own country or to his visit to France. In a ceremonial 
like this, it is pretty difficult to exhibit much variety in the questions, 
but I have been told by those who have accompanied the King, that 
he displays great tact upon these occasions. After the King has 
proceeded some distance down the line, the Queen commences the 
same ceremony, and she is followed by the Duke of Orleans, the 
Duchess of Orleans, the Princess Adelaide, the King's sister, and 
the Duke of Nemours. The other sons of the family, when present, 
remain at the head of the apartment, and the Princess Clementine, 
the youngest daughter, a young lady with much beauty and accom- 
plishment, and it is said, with great intelligence, generally makes the 
tour of the circle, leaning upon the arm of her mother or her aunt. 
Such is the ceremonial of presentation of gentlemen at the French 
Court. An application of the same kind is made in favor of the 
ladies who desire to be presented, but this goes to the proper Lady 
of Honor, and from her reaches the Queen. For ladies there are 
but two presentations in the year, generally in the first week of 
January. 'The ceremonies are so nearly similar to the description 
already given, that any additional details are unnecessary. 

There is no limitation of numbers, and I understand our Minister 
has asked for the presentation of fifty of his countrymen in one night, 
and I have farther learned, that no application of an American for 
presentation has been refused during the residence of the present 
minister in France. The Januai-y presentation is succeeded by one 
or more splendid court balls. On ordinary occasions the French 
royal family assemble after dinner in an evening saloon, where the 
queen and princesses are seated, with the ladies of the court, around 
a table, generally engaged in needle-work, requiring little attention, 
and which, when finished, is sent to be sold at some fair, opened for 
the purpose of raising money for charitable objects. The diplo- 
matic corps, and persons entitled by their position to the entree^ as 
it is called — ^that is, who are expected to pay their respects to the 
royal family in the evening — present themselves occasionally, and 
the ladies are invited to take seats round the table, where the queen, 
and her sister, Madame Adelaide, and the Duchess of Orleans, 
when present, receive them with great kindness and affability. 

The gentlemen, after saluting the queen and her circle, are gene- 
rally addressed by the King and by the Duke of Orleans, upon such 
topics of conversation as may naturally arise from the circumstances. 
There is in these family receptions, if I may so call them, a manir 
fest desire on the part of the distinguished hosts to make the posi- 
tion of the persons, whether natives or foreigners,- who present 
themselves there, as free from restraint, as is ^compatible, perhaps, 
with the social distinctions, necessarily incident to a monarchi- 
cal government. Certainly there is no other Court in Europe 
where an access like this is permitted, and where the interior of 
royal life is thus thrown open to public gaze. But the dynasty of 



Jbrance, its J\.ing, Court j Hfc. 49 

July lias notliing to fear from the most rigid examination of the 
social and domestic ,conduct of its members. 

In the winter there are great balls at the Tuilleries, at one or 
more of which each American who has been presented at Court is 
invited. 1 understand the usage to be, that the proper officer writes 
to our Minister, asking for the names of all his countrymen and 
countrywomen who are in Paris, and who have in previous years 
been received by the King ; and to the list thus furnished the 
names of all those recently presented are added, and an invitation 
is sent to each. As to the bajls themselves, I must decline the office 
of chronicler. I have neither taste nor time for the task. There 
is all the splendor which power and wealth can command. There 
are immense apartments, gorgeously furnished and brilliantly illumi- 
nated — guards on duty, and servants in rich liveries — a numerous 
company, from all quarters of the globe, many in their national j 

costumes, and each habited for the occasion — and there are besides ^ 

these all the proper accessories of music and refreshments, including 
a magnificent supper, which may be expected from the highest rank 
and the most refined taste. 

In the summer the King and his family leave Paris, and reside at 
Neuilly and St. Cloud, and occasionally at Fontainbleau, and some 
of the other royal seats. A day at Fontainbleau will give a general 
notion of the mode of life at these residences, and I will describe it 
as it has been described to me. Each guest is provided with proper 
apartments ; and soon after he rises he is offered a cup of coffee, as 
is usual in France ; and he then strolls out to look at the grounds, 
or to amuse himself as his , inclination or caprice may dictate. 
About eleven o'clock he is {summoned to breakfast, or, as it is 
termed, a dejeuner a la fourchette. He repairs to the saloon of 
reception, where he pays his respects to the royal family, and where 
he meets all the other guests, who participate with him in the gene- 
ral hospitality. From here the company go to the breakfast room, 
a magnificent hall, where a splendid table is spread with perhaps one 
hundred covers. The breakfast — resembling, in fact, a dinner, 
rather than our morning meal — is served upon elegant dishes, and 
presents the greatest variety of the choicest fruits. It is introduced 
by soup, and at the termination tea or coffee is taken according to 
the taste of each person. At this time, an intimation is given to 
the guests respecting the amusements of the day, which consist in 
hunting in the beautiful forest, visitiqg the circumjacent country, 
looking at the military manoeuvres, or recreations of a similar kind. 
The means of riding are placed at the disposition of each person, 
either in carriages or on horseback, and he joins the party, and the 
day passes cheerfully away. At six o'clock in the evening there is 
again a general reunion in the saloons of reception, and from these 
the company move to the dinner table, which is all that the epicure 
or the man of the most refined taste could wish. Among other 
amusements of the evening is that of walking through the splendid 
apartments, one of which, by the by, contains the .table at which 



50 \ France^ its Xing, Court, ^c. 

the renunciation of Napoleon was written, together with the pen 
and inkstand which he made use of on that memorable occasion, 
and the original autograph instrument he wrote. The room is his- 
torical, and it is to be hoped that no Vandal will arise to destroy 
these interesting memorials. There is no danger of this during the 
life of the present King or that of his son. 

The rest of the evening is spent in music and conversation, and 
a cheerful day is brought to a* cheerful close. I am told, that no 
one has ever passed a day at this hospitable seat without being most 
favorably impressed with the kind attention, devoid of all ostenta-^ 
tion, of which he has been the object. 

But I quit these descriptions of royal life, for sketches of mind 
and manners. Perhaps what 1 have said may be thought inappro- 
priate to your pages, and in unfortunate juxtaposition with more 
important matter. But you must recollect, that the courtesies of 
society enter deeply into public opinion, and that he who travels 
abroad and shuts his eyes upon the various modes of life, high or 
low, he may encouiiter, under the impression that these are too in- 
significant for his wisdom or his gravity, may return with a self-satis- 
fied conviction of his own acquisitions, but he will assuredly bring 
back with him little of that practical knowledge without which his 
gravity^ instead of being a proof of his wisdom, is but a cloak for 
his imbecility. And an American, while he is proud of the institu- 
tions of his country, and grateful for the rational equality which 
prevails there, may yet seek to explain the usages of other societies, 
and describe them for the gratification of his countrymen, without 
incurring the suspicion that he is (^azzled by European lustre, or 
that he cannot return to his country with feelings and aifections as 
warm as when he left it. It is owing to the essential difierence in 
the organization of American and European institutions, social and 
political, t-hat the Quid-Nuncs of the old world are so often deceiv- 
ing themselves and their believers, respecting the gravity and ten- 
dency of every outbreak of popular feeling that occurs in the United 
States, and from which no hurtian government can be wholly exempt. 
While every true-hearted citizen censures and deplores these acts 
of violence, whether their object be to resist some unpopular officer 
or measure, or, as more frequently happens in these latter days, to 
condemn — not to try — and then to punish, some obnoxious individual 
by the process, so lamentably well known, of the " Lynch Law," it 
cannot be denied, that there is often, perhaps too often, some provo- 
cation, not for the acts, but for the excited feelings which lead to 
them. But the extenuating circumstances, if any exist, are un- 
known in Europe, while the naked facts are conspicuously re- 
corded in all the journals, and greedily seized as proofs of the little 
regard for law or right in the Pattern Republic. It would be a 
curious and instructive work, were a collection made of the vari- 
ous erjieutes, seditious attempts, and open violations of law, which 
have occurred in Europe even during the short time I have resided 
here. There was more blood shed in London, in the riots of 1780, 



France, its King, Court, 8fc. 5i 

than has flowed from all the popular movements in the United 
States since the first occupation of the country. And in France 
incidents of this kind are continually occurring, but they are not 
spread out for effect, as are the recitals of our political offences. 
I suppose the disturbances at Amiens, last season, were hardly 
known in the United States ; and yet we have nothing to compare 
with them in their gravity. As to the emeutes of Paris, which have 
so often disturbed and threatened the government, and the more 
recent riots in Wales, their political importance has given them a 
sudden celebrity. ' But this mania of opposition to the laws has 
seized the heretofore quiet Swedes ; and a most formidable move- 
ment, which threatened the safety of Stockholm, was recently re- ' 
pressed only with great difficulty and exertion. And unfortunately 
for the intelligence of the age, the cause of this excitement was 
simply a proposition to extend to the native Jews a portion of th« 
rights enjoyed by their countrymen. 

But the principal jioint of inquiry, in all estimates of the moral i 

character of a people, deduced from their habits of obedience to the 
law, must necessarily be the physical strength which the government 
employs in the maintenance of its authority. In the city of Paris, 
and in its immediate vicinity, there is a constant armed force of not 
less than 30,000 men, and which, it is said, often reaches the num- 
ber of 50,000. Here is a well appointed army, adequate to the - - ' 
conquest of a kingdom. And the soldiers are quartered in every 
part of the city, prepared to put down any insurrectionary move- 
ments, and to give aid to the civil authority. And at all the public 
offices, and. round all the Courts of Justice, guards are stationed, and 
sentinels are always on duty. Continually in the streets soldiers are 
seen passing with persons in their custody to be examined or com- 
mitted. This disjjlay and employment of military force is evidently \ 
the great machine of authority, without which the peace of the capi- 
tal and the safety of the kingdom could not exist twenty -four hours. 
I make this remark not in anger hut in sadness — not because public 
order is thus supported, but becaus.e the state of society renders a 
resort to this species of force necessary. Still, however, it must 
not be supposed that rational freedom is oppressed by military 
power in France. This cannot be ; public opinion is too strong., 
and the provisions of the Charter too salutary, to suffer such an 
abuse, even if the government were disposed to attempt it.' But it 
is evident that the men who govern France at this day are little in- 
clined to put in practice the exploded maxims of ai-bitrary power ; 
and as I have not remarked, since I have been in this country, 
where the press is entirely free, and the community equally jealoas 
and vigilant, a single complaint of military interference with civil 
rights, I must necessarily believe that such an occurrence is rare. 
There is, in truth, great personal freedom in France ; and it ap- 
peal's to me, that the general condition of the kingdom is more hap- 
py than it has been in any former period of its history. 

Preparations are at this moment making in Paris for the opening 



52 France^ it$ King, Court, ^c. 

of the Chambers, and an official publication has just appeared in the 
Moniteur, which will give you some notion of the respect evinced 
by the government for the newspaper press, and conseq^uently the 
force of the latter. This notice is as follows : 

" Questorship of the Chamber of Deputies. 
" The editors of the daily journals, giving an account of the pro- 
ceedings of the Chamber of Deputies, are requested to meet at the 
office of the Secretary of the Questors, Saturday next, the 21st of 
this month, in order to form a Syndicate.,, and to determine the 
mode of admission to the tribunes reserved to the Journalists." 

A " syndicate," you will observe, is the organization of any asso- 
ciation for its self-government, and is a usual proceeding in France 
for the regulation of persons uniting together for a legal object. It 
has some resemblance to our corporations ; and though liable to ob- 
jections, it has the advantage of an interior police, conducted by 
responsible persons. 

This deference to the purveyors of public information is a striking 
fact in the progress of monarchical governments ; and where it 
exists, there can be few abuses without exposure — and, I may add, 
without correction. 

But with us the laws may be said to uphold themselves. It is 
their moral, not their physical force, which ensures the obedience of 
society. It is the habit of submission which we are all taught in 
early life, that gives to a little piece of paper borne by a sheriff or 
constable, the effect of a magical wand to break down all opposition. 
There is not a kingdom in Europe whose institutions could survive 
a day if they were left to, the same protection upon which our society 
depends for its preservation. And let him who speculates upon the 
relative moral condition of different people, whose obedience to the 
salutary restraints of law springs from such dissimilar motives, keep 
■ steadily in view this remarksible American peculiarity. And if he 
add, that in the United States, the soldier is utterly unknown as an 
instrument to compel submission to the civil power, he may judge 
of the superiority of the morale of our social organization, over that 
of any other country on the face of the globe. 

A circumstance occurred last winter, somewhat amusing in itself, 
but worth repeating, in connexion with this subject ; because, while 
it exhibits the working of our system, it exhibits also the estimate 
which is liable to be formed of it in Europe. The proceedings at 
Harrisburg^were carefully published in all the journals of France 
and England, with criticisms and anticipations little flattering to the 
national pride of us Americans who were in Europe. During the 
progress of this affair, there was a presentation at Court, at which 
were assembled, as usual, persons from every part of Europe, as 
well as many of our countrymen. The King, in passing along, 
stopped, as is his custom, to converse with our Minister ; and it 
was remarked that he appeared to be very earnestly engaged, and 
then laughed heartily at some observation that seemed to be made, 



France, its King, Court, 8fc. ' 53 

in answer to an inquiry he had put. I learned afterwards, from 
those who were within hearing of the conversation, that the King 
had asked the Minister if he had had any recent intelligence from 
Harrisburg ; and finding there was none, he inquired what would 
probably be the result of the difficulty. Our latest account of this 
legislative emeiite, as it appeared to a European, had left the opera- 
tion precisely where the Speaker of the Senate of Pennsylvania 
was compelled to seek safety by jumping out of a window — an event 
of the gravest character, when estimated according to the notions 
of French politicians. The Minister answered that much more 
importance was attached in Europe to this temporary suspension of 
legislative authority, than the result would prove it deserved. That 
the history of the United States had shown upon many serious oc- 
casions, that sudden exaltations of feeling soon gave way to calm 
reflection, and to an obedience to the laws ; and that he expected, 
the next packet would bring information that the whole aifair was 
terminated, and that some justice of the peace was examining into 
the conduct of the respective parties to ascertain by whom the laws 
had been violated, and to prepare the matter for judicial investiga- 
tion. In fact, the anticipation proved correct, both with respect to 
the resumption of their proper authority by the Legislature, and to 
the interposition of the examining magistrates. The King was of 
course too polite to express any doubt concerning the prophecy of 
the Minister, whatever might have been his personal opinion. It is 
more than probable that the mirth he displayed resulted from one of 
those contrasts which flash across the mind when extraordinary com- 
parisons are presented. Perhaps he pictured to himself a similar 
scene in the Chamber of Peers, with its President compelled to 
abandon the Legislative Hall, and to flee, like his confrere at Harris- 
burg, through a window ; and in such an event he might well deride 
a suggestion which would refer to a justice of the peace the resto- 
ration of order and the vindication of the laws. When such a. 
legislative scene shall be exhibited in France, it will be neither war- 
rants nor officers that will assert the supremacy of the public au- 
thority, but agents of a far more efficient character in Europe — 
cannons and armies. 

But I proceed to a more agreeable topic. It is well known in 
the United States, that the King travelled through our country in 
early life. I have already alluded to the events which, soon after 
the commencement of the French Revolution, rendered him an 
exile. He did not, like the princes of the elder branch of his house, 
join the enemy. He never bore arms against his country. But he 
travelled into Switzerland, where he concealed himself some time, 
while performing the functions of Professor at an institution of edu- 
cation at Reichenau, — and there is now at the Palais Royal a pic- 
ture of this interesting event of his life. He remained at this es- 
tablishment eight months, teaching geography, history, the French 
and English Languages, and mathematics. Previously to admission, 
lie underwent a severe and satisfactory examination, and when he 



64 , France, its King, Court, Sj-c. 

quitted his Chair he received a certificate, acknowledging the use- 
ful services he had rendered to the institution. Let his descendants 
preserve this precious document. It will be long before the house 
of Orleans receives, in the person of one of its members, a reward 
more worthy the regard of every man interested in the true dig- 
nity of human nature. The young Professor was then twenty-two 
years of age ; and he not only preserved his incognito, but his con- 
duct was so discreet, that he was elected a deputy to the assem- 
bly at Coire. 

Even in the disastrous circumstances of his personal position, he 
was still anxious to serve his country ; and General Montesquieu 
having agreed to accept him as his Aide-de-camp, he left his peace- 
ful retreat at Reichenau, and joined the General, with whom he re- 
mained till 1794, under the name of Corby. Suspicions having 
however been excited respecting his true character, he abandoned the 
family of General Montesquieu, and determined to remove himself 
farther from France. There was not wanting a party even at that 
day, which hoped to see a constitutional monarchy established, with 
the Duke of Orleans at its head ; and the weight of character he 
had acquired rendered him an object of hatred and suspicion to the 
terrible and ever-changing rulers who at that era of desperal^e energy 
governed and died in blood. His own wish was to seek refuge in 
the United States ; but the heir of the House of Orleans, and the 
descendant of Henry the Fourth, was too poor to undertake so dis- 
tant an expedition. He had therefore to postpone the realization 
of this project, until he could ^procure the means of defraying its 
expense ; but as he commenced at this period the pilgrimage which 
ultimately conducted him to our country, I have thought that a 
general outline of the events of this part of hi» life would not be un- 
interesting to your readers. As 1 have had a favorable opportunity 
of acquiring the facts, I will communicate to you a brief summary 
of the King's adventures till he left the United States — remarking, 
however, that I can vouch for the authenticity of the narrative, 
as I hold almost all the information from one who cannot be de- 
ceived. 

From Switzerland he repaired to Hamburg,, and thence through 
Jutland to Copenhagen and Elsineur ; and from the last city, pecu- 
liarly interesting to an Englishman and American, by its association 
with one of the proudest monuments of the genius of Shakspeare, 
he crossed the Sound, and landed upon the Scandinavian Peninsula. 
After visiting Gottenburg and a part of Sweden, he entered Nor- 
way, and stopped a short time at Fjederickshall, the scene of the 
last occurrence in the eventful life of Charles Twelfth, one of the 
most impressive illustrations which history has left of the vanity of 
human glory, and a theme for future moralists, as it has been 
already for the past, when seeking to describe the unsatisfactory re- 
sult of military ambition. " His death," says Dr. Johnson, with 
with great force and beauty — 



France^ its King, Court, S^'c. 55 

" His death was destined to a barren strand, 
A petty fortress, and a dubious hand ; 
He left the name, at which the world grew pale, 
To point a moral, or adorn a tale." 

From Fredorickshall, the King continued his route to Christiana, 
where he remained some time, tranquil and unsuspected, and enjoy- 
ing the primitive kindness of Norwegian hospitality. But a curious 
instance happened one day, to disturb his equanimity, and which at 
first led him to fear he was discovered. It is the habit of society, 
in that city, at the proper season, after having breakfasted, to go 
into the country, and there pass the residue of the day. After one 
of these excursions, when the family where the stranger had been 
received was preparing to return to town, ho heard ,the son exclaim, 
with a loud voice, — " The carriage of the Duke of Orleans !" He 
was recognised without doubt — but how could it be ? Preserving, 
however, his self-possession, and perceiving the young man did not 
regard him, he was anxious to learn the cause of this singular an- 
nunciation. " Why," said he smiling, " did you call the carriage 
of the Duke of Orleans, and what relations have you with the 
Prince .?" " None, indeed," answered his Norwegian friend ; " but 
while at Paris, whenever we issued from the Opera, I heard repeated 
from all quarters, ' the carriage of the Duke of Orleans !' 1 have 
been more than once stunned with the noise, and I just took it into 
my head to make the same exclamation." 

The King continued his tour to Drontheim, and thence to Ham- 
ersfeldt,^ the most northern town in Europe ; and I was gratified to 
see an incident recently recorded in the public journds, which 
proved that this hyperborean city had not escaped his recollection ; but 
that he had sent, by a French frigate engaged in scientific researches 
in that quarter, a present of a clock, to be placed in the tower of 
the church, and thence to sound the warning hours over the Frozen 
Ocean. He. continued on to the North Cape, the Ultima Thide of 
Europe, where he arrived the 24th of August, 1795. This great 
buttress of the continent, advancing into the icy seas, is impressively 
described by the few travellers who have visited it, and is remark- 
able from its features, its situation, and its associations. It is one of 
the spots on the fkce of the globe where the conviction of human 
weakness and of Almighty power is the most overwhelming. Its sad 
aspect is well described in these lines of Ovid : — 

" Est locus extremis Scythise glacialis in oris, 
Triste solum, sterilis, sine fruge, sine arbore, tellus." 

^ Here he found himself among a new race of men ; and accompa- 
nied by the Laplanders and their reindeer, and on foot, he traversed 
the country extending to the Gulf of Bothnia, and arrived at Tornea, 
a little port situated at its northern extremity. He advanced into 
Finland, as far as the Russian frontier, but the Gallophobia of the 
Northern Semiramis was too well known to allow him to run the 
risk of Siberia and the knout, and he crossed the Gulf of Finland to 
Stockholm. 



56 France^ its King, Court, Sfc. 

If tte political events in France had overturned the throne of 
Oapet, and sent forth his descendants to wander in foreign lands, it 
must be confessed that this young member of the exiled family had 
turned his misfortunes to the most profitable account. He was stu- 
dying human nature in the best of all schools, the school of experi- 
ence and adversity ; and by bringing himself into contact with every 
variety of life, and by adding the treasures of personal observation 
to the -stores of learning with which his mind was fraught, he was 
preparing himself for that course of events which has given him such 
a powerful influence over the destinies of his own country and of 
Europe. The bold and rugged scenery of these Arctic regions, and 
the simple and unpretending kindness of the inhabitants, must have 
produced a vivid impression upon a young man of his rank and 
previous pursuits, sent forth under such circumstances to commence 
his novitiate in the world. 

After completing the examination of these ancient kingdoms, and 
after having been recognized at Stockholm, he proceeded to Den- 
mark, and under an assumed name withdrew himself from observa'- 
tion. During his expedition no melioration had taken place in his 
pecuniary resources or political prospects ; but no reverses could 
shake the determination he had formed not to bear arms against 
Franiie, and he declined the invitation of Louis XVIII. to join the 
army under the Prince of Conde. 

His father had perished upon the scaffold, his mother had been 
imprisoned at Paris, and his two brothers, the Due de Montpensier 
and the Count de Beaujolais, had been shut up in the Castle of St. 
Jean, at Marseilles, where these young men, in the morning of life, 
without a fault but that of their birth, were treated with all that 
cruelty which seems to have formed a part of the system of govern- 
ment which at this early period of the Revolution oppressed France 
and astonished the world. Gradually, however, the condition of 
the Duchess of Orleans had become meliorated, and she was released 
from prison, though still subjected to a rigorous surveillance. Her 
great moral worth may have had itS' effect in procuring this relaxa- 
tion of severity, for all accounts represent her as adorning the high 
position she filled in society. 

Her eldest son had taken his measures with such prudence that 
the French government had lost all traces of kim. But the mystery 
in which he had enveloped himself probably increased their sus- 
picion of his designs, and their desire to discover him — always jea- 
lous of this only branch of the Bourbon family which seemed to 
have left in France any favorable recollections of the past, or any 
reasonable hopes for the future. 

The French political agents in the proper quarters were instructed 
to exert themselves to discover, if possible, his place of refuge. 
Attention was particularly directed to Prussia and Poland, in one 
or other of which countries he was thought to be. But thesa efforts 
were baffled, and were finally succeeded by an attempt of a different 
:«l\aracterj making such an appeal to the feelings of the son and 



France, Its King, Court, 4'C. 57 

brother, as" left tiiu no hesitation in accepting the offer of a more 
distant expatriation, which was made to him. A communication 
•was opened between the Dii'ectory and the Duchess of Orleans ; 
and she was given to understand that if she would address herself to 
her eldest son, and prevail upon him to repair to the United States, 
her own position should be rendered more tolerable, and the seques- 
tration removed from her property; and that her two youngest 
sons should be released, and permitted to join their brother in 
America. To this proposition the Duchess assented, and wrote a 
letter to her son, recommending a compliance with the terms pro- 
posed, and adding — " May the prospect of relieving tlie suffer- 
ings of your poor mother, of rendering the situation of your bro- 
thers less painful, and of contributing to give quiet to your country, 
recompense your generosity !" 

The government charged itself with the expedition of this letter 
to the exile, and again renewed its researches for his discovery. 
These still proving fruitless, recourse was had to a Mr. Westford, a 
merchant of Hamburg, who, from some circumstances, was supposed 
to be in correspondence ■s'ith the Prince. This suspicion was well 
founded ; but this faithful friend, ready to exclaim " twieu Danaos,'^ 
received with proper incredulity the declaration of the French 
Charge d'Affaires at Hamburg, that his object, in opening a com- 
munication with the King, was to convey to him a letter from his 
mother, on the part of the governnient ; and disclaimed all know- 
ledge of his actual residence. He, however, immediately commu- 
nicated to the King a statement of what had taken place, and the 
latter determined to risk the exposure in the hope of receiving a 
letter directly from his mother. He was actually in the neighbor- 
hood of Hamburg, though in the Danish States, where he had 
changed his residence from time to time, as a due regard to secrecy 
required. An interview was arranged by Mr. Westford, at his own 
house, between the King and the French Charge, where they met 
in the evening, and where, after the receipt .of his mother's letter, 
ho signified at once his acceptance of the terms proposed, and his 
determination to embark for the United States without delay. He 
immediately wrote a letter to his mother, commencing with the 
truly filial declaration : " When my dear mother shall receive this 
letter, her orders will have been executed, and I. shall have sailed 
for the United States." 

The ship " American," Captain Ewing, a regular trader between 
Philadelphia and Hamburg, was then lying in the Elbe,^ preparing 
for departure. The King passing for a Dane, applied to the cap- 
tain, and engaged his passage for the usual amount, at that time 
thirty-five guineas. He had with him a faithful servant, long at- 
tached to his person, whom he was anxious to take. But the cap- 
tain, for some reason, seemed unwilling to receive him, and told his 
importunate passenger, that the services of this man would be use- 
less to Hm upon the voyage ; and that when he reached the United 
States, his servant would certainly desert him. He was, however. 



58 France, its King, Court, <^c. 

finally persuaded to yield, and the servant was received for seven- 
teen and a half guineas. 

The King was .anxious to escape observation in Hamburg, and 
asked permission of the captain to repair on board his ship, and 
remain a few days before her departure. The captain with some 
reluctance consented to this unusual proposition ; though it after- 
wards appeared that this step, and the mystery which evidently 
surrounded his young passenger, had produced an unfavorable im- 
pression upon his mind 

Late in the night preceding the departure of the ship from the 
Elbe, when the King was in ins berth, an elderly French gentleman, 
destined to be his only fellow-cabin passenger, came on board. He 
understood English badly, and spoke it worse ; and perceiving the 
accommodations far inferior to those he had anticipated, he set him- 
self to find fault with much vehemence, but with a garrulity won- 
derfully checked by the difiiculty encountered in giving vent to his 
excited feelings in English. He called for an interpreter ; and not 
finding one, he gradually wore away, if not his discontent, the ex- 
pression of it, and retired to rest. In the morning, seeing the 
King, his first inquiry was, if he spoke French ; and perceiving he 
did, he expressed his gratification, and said, " You speak very well 
for a Dane, and you will be able to get along without my instruc- 
tion. You are a young man and I am an old one, and you must 
serve as my interpreter." To this the King assented, and the old 
gentleman, who was a planter from St. Domingo, on his way to his 
native island, commenced the enumeration of his grievances. The 
first related to himself, and the second to the ship. He had no 
teeth, and the cook no soft bread ; and he said it was impossible to 
sail in a A^esscl not provided with the means of baking fresh bread ; 
that such an arrangement existed on board 3,11 the French ships, 
and that he could not eat the American biscuit. The captain 
coolly told him, " There is my beef, and there is my bread — and if 
you are not satisfied with my fare, yoji can leave my ship." The 
impatient planter, unwilling to relinquish the chance of revisiting 
his native • country, thought it better to risk the teeth and the 
biscuit rather than disembark, and continued on board. There 
were many steerage passengers, Germans and Alsatians, emigrating 
the United States. The ship left the Elbe the 24th of Septem- 
ber, 1796, and after a pleasant passage of twenty-seven days arrived 
at Philadelphia. Shortly before entering the Capes of the Dela- 
ware, the King, unwilling that the captain should learn his true 
character from public report after reaching his destination, disclosed 
to him who he was. The captain expressed his gratification at the 
communication, and frankly stated, that the circumstances under 
which he had come on board had produced an impression upon his 
mind unfavorable to his young passenger ; that in striving to con- 
jecture what could be his true position, he had come to the conclu- 
sion that he was a gambler who had committed himself in some 
gaming speculations, and that he was seeking secrecy and refuge in 



France, its King, Courts S^c. 59 

the New World. Tlie cBances of luck had indeed been against his 
new acquaintance, and he had lost a .great prize in the lottery of 
life ; but he had preserved those better prizes, an. uureproached 
conscience, and an unblemished reputation. The o"ther passenger, 
the St. Domingo planter, remained in ignorance of the name of his 
cabin companion, till he learned it in Philadelphia, when he called 
to make known his surprise, and to tender his compliments.' 

The first quarters the King occupied, after reaching Philadelphia, 
were the lower part of a house belonging to the Eev. Mr. Marshall, 
and adjoining a church in Walnut Street, between 4th and 5th 
Streets ; and here he remained anxiously awaiting the arrival of his 
two brothers. They had embarked at Marseilles, on board a Swedish ^ 
ship, the " Jupiter ;" and had a tedious and unusual passage of J 
ninety-three days. This delay led the King to fear, either that 
some accident had befallen them at sea, or that the French govern- 
ment had failed to fulfil the promise which had been made to him- 
self and his mother. However, their arrival put a stop to his sad 
forebodings ; and after their union the three brothers removed to a 
house belonging to the Spanish Consul in 6th Street. Here they 
passed the winter, mingling in the society of ■ Philadelphia, and 
forming many acquaintances, whose names appear to be fresh in the 
recollection of the Kilig — such as Mr. Bingham, Mr. Willing, Mr. 
Dallas, Mr. Gallati^, Mrs. Powell, &c. Philadelphia was at that 
time the seat of the Federal Government, and General Washington 
was at the head of the Administration. The three young strangers 
were presented to him, and were invited to visit Mount Vernon 
after the expiration of his term of service. The King was present 
at the last address delivered by General Washington to Congress, 
and also at the inauguration of Mr. Adams, when his venerable pre- 
decessor joyfully took his leave of public life. 

During the season, the King and his brothers visited Mount 
Vernon, passing through Baltimore, v/here he renewed an acquaint- 
ance previously formed in Philadelphia with General Smith ; and' 
crossing the site of the present city of Washington, where he was 
hospitably received by the late Mr. Law, and where he met the 
present General Mason of Georgetown. I understand this most re- 
spectable man is well remembered by the King, who loves to speak 
of the hospitality of his house, and of his personal kindness — evinced, 
among other circumstances, by his accompanying his three young 
guests in a visit to the falls of the Potomac. From Georgetown 
the party passed through Alexandria, and thence went to Mount 
Vernon ; where they were most kindly received, and where they 
resided some days. The King's reminiscences of the patriot'coin- 
cide with the statements generally given by his contemporaries of ' 
his private life and personal habits. He was comparatively silent, 
somewhat reserved, methodical in the division of his time, and care- 
ful in the use of it. The arrangement of his household was that of 
a wealthy Virginia gentleman of the old school — unostentatious, 
comfortable, and leaving his guests to fill up their hours as they 



60 France, its King, Court, 8fc. 

thought fit, and at the same time providing whatever was necessary for 
pleasant employment. One morning, after the usual salutations, the 
King asked his distinguished host how he had slept the preceding night. 
It is probable, from the answer, that some peculiar circumstance had 
turned his thoughts towards the evils too often produced in society 
by reprehensible publications. However this may be, that answer 
deserves to be engraved upon the hearts of his countrymen : " I 
always sleep well, for I never wrote a word in my life which I had 
afterwards cause to regret." 

o 

While at Mount Vernon, General Washington prepared for the 
exiled princes an itinerary of a journey to the Western Country, and 
furnished them with some letters of introduction for persons upon 
the route. They made the necessary preparations for a long tour, 
which they performed on horseback, each of them carrying in a pair 
of saddle-bags, after the fashion of that period, whatever he might 
require in clothes and other articles for his personal comfort. I 
know a fellow-countryman who has been favored by the -King with 
the sight of one of Bradley's maps of the United States, of the 
earliest edition, which he had with him during the several tours he 
made in our country ; and I understand that the appearance of this 
ancient travelling companion furnishes convincing proof that it has 
passed through severe service. The various routes followed by the 
travellers are strongly depicted in red ink ; and by their extent and 
direction they show the great enterprise displayed by three young 
strangers, to acquire a just knowledge of our counury, at a time 
when the difficulties of traveling over a great part of the route were 
enough to discourage many a hardy American. 

For the sake of your younger readers, 1 will mention, what I un- 
derstand the King stated at the time he showed this map to our 
countryman, and which proves his love of order, and his attention to 
the details of life, without which there can be no true independence 
nor lasting usefulness. He mentioned that he possessed an accurate 
account showing the expenditure of every dollar he disbursed in the 
United States. It is an example of business habits, worthy of all 
praise and all imitation. This attention to the important concern 
of personal expenditure was one of the characteristic features of 
Washington, and both of these celebrated men were no doubt 
penetrated with the conviction that punctuality is essential to 
success. For myself, I have no belief in that greatness which is 
too great to mingle with the details of life. 

Our adventurers took the road by Leesburg and Harper's Ferry 
to Winchester. Here they dismounted at a house kept by Mr. 
Bush, and who, that knew this pleasant hospitable town forty years 
ago, did not know Mr. Bush, and his quiet, comfortable public house f 
I have him in my mind's eye, as he was then — portly, ruddy, though 
advanced in life, with a large broad-brimmed hat, and with his full 
clothes of the olden time, looking the very patriarch of his establish- 
ment. He had two houses, one for his family, and one for his guests ; 
arid there was no resting-place in all that rich valley more coveted 



France^ its King, Court, 8fc. 61 

"by tlie traveller ttan this. It was altogether a model of neatness and 
comfort, and the good man who had built it up, and who yet con- 
tinued it more from the desire of employment than the desire of gain, 
seemed to consider the relations subsisting between the traveller and 
himself as a favor to the former and not to the latter. I devoutly 
hope that no spirit of improvement has cut down the willow tree, 
nor turned away the little brook upon whose banks it grew, imme- 
diately in front of this primitive establishment, — for many a time, 
under the shadow of the one and by the murmur of the other, I have 
sat and listened to this interesting man, while he recounted the 
perils and trials of the inhabitants of Winchester, while Winchester 
was a frontier post, anck the mountains beyond it the abode of hostile 
Indians. And my attention was awakened into enthusiasm, when 
he took up the story of Washington, and drew from his memory 
many a fact which he had seen and known, of the youthful days of 
the hero. For Washington was stationed at Winchester during a 
portion of the contest between the English and French, for supre- 
macy upon the North American continent, and when the Indians 
were let loose, and incited to acts of terrible cruelty, upon the ex- 
posed border. For a part of the time he was an inmate of Mr. 
Bush's house, and it was evident that' his whole conduct and bear- 
ing had left the most favorable and profound impression upon the 
worthy landlord. And I recollect he adverted to a distinguishing 
trait in the characteristic habits of Washington, that of the power he 
acquired over all around him ; observing, that though he was young, 
his officers, while they loved their commander, still were controlled 
and restrained by his presence. 

Mr. Bush was from Manheim, and the King had recently visited 
that city, and besides he spoke German as well as French or Eng- 
lish. A bond of -communication was thus established between the^a, 
and the landlord and the traveller were soon engaged in an interest- 
ing conversation. This took place while the necessary arrange- 
ments were making in the culinary department to provide a substan- 
tial meal for the hungry guests ; and probably also for others who 
were waiting for the same indispensable attention. One of the 
younger brothers was indisposed, and the king suggested to his 
landlord a wish that his party might be permitted to eat by them- ' 
selves. But oh, the vanity of human expectations ! Such a pro- 
position had never been heard in the whole valley of the Shenan- 
doah, and least of all in the mansion of our friend, Mr. Bush. The 
rules of his house, to which the laws of the Medes and Persians were 
but transitory regulations, had been attacked, and his professional 
pride wounded ; g,nd the recollections of Manheim, and the pleasui-e 
of his native language, and the modest conversation of the young 
strangers, were all thrown to the wind, and the worthy and offended 
dignitary exclaimed : " If you are too good to eat. at the same table 
with my other guests, you are too good to eat in my house — be- 
gone !" And notwithstanding the deprecatory tone which the King 
immediately took, his disavowal of any intention to offend, and his 



62 France^ its King, Court, <^c. 

offer to eat where it would be agreeable to this govern or of hungry 
appetites that these should be assuaged, the young lu n were com- 
pellcd to leave the house, and seek refuge elsewhere. 

Our adventurers turned their back upon Mr. Bush and Winches- 
ter, and proceeded by Staunton and Abingdon to Knoxville and 
Nashville. From the latter place they took their departure for 
Pittsburg, which they reached, after passing through Louisville, 
Lexington, Maysville, Chilicothe, Lancaster, Zanesville, Wheeling, 
and Washington, in Pennsylvania. When\ traversing the Barrens 
in Kentucky, they stopped at a cabin, where was to be found " enr 
tertainment for man and horse,'''' and where the landlord was very 
Bolicitous to ascertain the business of the trEwrellers — not apparently 
out of any idle or interested curiosity, but because he seemed to feel 
a true solicitude for them. It was in vain, however, the King pro- 
tested they were travelling to look at the country, and without any 
views of purchase or settlement. Such a motive for encountering 
the trouble and expense of a long -journey was without the circle of 
the settler's observation or experience ; and he could only believe 
it by placing these young men quite low in his scale of human intel- 
ligence, and then with a feeling of pity or contempt. In the night 
all the travellers were stowed' away upon the floor of the cabin, with 
their feet to a prodigious fire — (they did not sell wood by the pound, 
as they do at Paris) — and I can vouch for the- fact, whatever may 
be thought of it in these degenerate days of steamboats, railroads, 
splendid taverns, and feather-beds, that no man need desire a more 
comfortable sleep than a long day's ride, a hearty supper, and what 
was called the soft side of a plank, with the appliance of agood'fire, 
formerly gave to the traveller in the infancy of our settlements in 
the trans-Alleghany regions. This Green River cabin, like all its 
congeners, had but one room, and while the guests were stretched 
upon the floor, the landlord and his wife occupied their jOM?icAeon bed- 
stead — (I won't insult your readers by presuming they need an ex- 
planation of this term) — which was pinned to the logs forming the 
side of the mansion. In the night the King overheard the good 
man expressing to his wife his regret, that three such promising 
young men were running uselessly over the country, and wondering 
they did not purchase land there, and establish themselves creditably. 

At Bairdstown the King was indisposed, and stopped to rest and 
recover. Unfortunately the place was in commotion, and the whole 
family at the inn, father, mother, children, and servants, left their 
sick guest without attention. When the landlady made her appear- 
ance, the latter, a little impatient, asked why she had not left a 
servant to wait upon him. She answered with great animation, 
that there was a show there, the first that had ever been seon in* 
Bairdstown, and she could not think of staying away herself, nor of 
withholding any of her family. I have understood, that since the 
King has been iipon the throne, he has presented to' the venerable 
Bishop Flaget a clock for his cathedi-al in this very Bairdstown. 
" Who knows what to-morrow shall bring forth .^" 



tFfance, its King, Courts Sfc. , 63 

At Chilicotlie tlae King found a public house kept by a Mr. 
M'Donald, a name well known to the early settlers of that place ; 
and lie was a witness of a scene, which the progress of morals and 
manners has since rendered a rare one, in that placd, or indeed 
throughout the well regulated State of Ohio. He saw a fight be- 
tween the landlord and some one who frequented his house ; in 
which the former would have suffered, if the King had not interfered 
to separate the combatants. The second in command, who dis- 
tinguished himself at the battles of Fleurus and Jemappes, perform- 
ed, in the ancient capitol of the North Western Territory, the 
office of mediator between two rival powers ! 

At Zanesville the party found the comfortable cabin of Mr. 
M'Intire, whose name has been preserved in the King's memory, and 
whosg house was a favorite place of rest and refreshriient for all the 
travellers who at this early period were compelled to tr^iverse that part 
of the country. And if these pages should chance to meet the eyes 
of any of those who, like the writer, have passed nriny a pleasant 
'horn-, under the roof of this uneducated, but truly worthy and respec- 
table man, he trusts they will unite in this tribute to liis memory. 

At Pittsburg the travellers rested several days and formed an 
acquaintance with some of the inhabitants, and particularly with 
General Neville, so well known for his respectability and amiable 
qualities. They met there Mr. Brackenridge, afterwards J,udge 
Brackenridge, whose peculiar characteristics were equally visible in 
his rambling satire called'" Modern Chivalry," and in his personal 
eccentricities, both as a lawyer and a magistrate ; but withal a man 
of genius, of unquestioned probity, and of much intelligence. Many 
a pregnant anecdote of his wit and oddity was circulated among the 
Bench and Bar at that early period in the history of Western juris- 
prudence ; and I might appeal to some yet well remembered friends, 
who still survive the lapse of time, and who have no doubt preserved 
these reminiscences of departed mirth. This was the Judge who, 
ivith a chivalry equal to that of the hero of his own story, requested 
to be impeached by the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 
because that high body had instituted an impeachment against his 
judicial brethren ; and who escaped the effect of his temerity — which 
led, not to' the process he courted, but to an address from two-thirds 
of both branches of the Legislature for his removal — by a lexicogra- 
phical decision of the Governor, M'Kean, who said, he would let 
the General Assembly know that the constitutional " tnay'''' meant 
'■'• wonH.'''' The King has preserved a distinct impression of the 
' peculiar mental features of Judge Brackenridge ; and though these 
may not often be found among judicial functionaries of the present 
day, they were not unknown at that time. 

Your Solons and Justinians now upon the stage ,must look back 
with forbearance upon some traits of levity of their predecessors 
in jurisprudence who cut the first legal hush in the West. A solemn 
demeanor and official gravity may become the profession in these 
comfortable days of its existi^nce ; but in those by-gone times, when 

5 



64 FrancBy its King, Court, Sfc. 

the judge and the lawyer mounted their horses, and rode one and 
two hundred miles to a Court, and then to another and another yet, 
and through woods, following merely a bridle-path, crossing the 
swollen streams upon their horses while swimming, and thrown to- 
gether at night into a small cabin, the school of Democritus had far 
more disciples among them than that of Heraclitus. I have cer- 
tainly been in much greater peril since, but with respect to a real 
nonplush — (my Western friends will understand me) — the crowning 
incident of my life was upon the bank of the Scioto Salt Creek, 
suddenly raised by a heavy rain, in which I had been unhorsed by 
the breaking of the saddle girths. My steed was a bad swimmer, 
who, instead of advancing after losing his footing, amused himself 
by sinking to the bottom, and then leaping with his utmost force ; 
and this new equestrian feat he continued, till rider, saddle, saddle- 
bags, and blankets were thrown into the water, and the recusant 
animal emerged upon one side of the creek, and the luckless travel- 
ler crawled out upon the other, as he best could — while the lug- 
gage commenced its journey for New Orleans. It appears to me 
now, that a more dripping spectacle of despair was never exhibited, 
than I presented, while surveying, many miles from a house, this 
shipwreck of my travelling fortunes. 

These, however, were the troubles of the day; but oh, they were 
recompensed by the comforts of the evening, when the hospitable 
cabin and the warm fire greeted the traveller ! — when a glorious 
supper was spread before him — turkey, venison, bear's meat, fresh 
butter, hot corn bread, sweet potatoes, apple sauce, and pumpkin 
butter ! The sturdy English moralist may talk of a Scotch supper 
as he pleases, but he who never sat down to that meal in the West 
forty years ago, has never seen the perfection of gastronomy. And 
then the animated conversation succeeded by a floor and a blanket, 
and a refreshing sleep ! 

The primitive court-house, built of logs, and neither chinked nor 
daubed, but with respectable interstices big enough to allow the 
passage of a man, is another permanent object in this group of recol- 
lections. And in this sanctuary, as well as in the public houses, the 
Court and Bar, and suitors and witnesses, were mingled in indescrib- 
able confusion. 

Strange scenes sometimes occurred under these circumstances ; 
and a characteristic anecdote is told of General Jackson, in a situ- 
ation where he displayed his usual firmness, by compelling the sub- 
mission of a noisy braggadocio who had interrupted the Court, and 
successfully resisted the efforts of the officers to apprehend him. 

I recollect a similar incident Which took place in a small village 
upon the banks of the Ohio. The Court was in session, and the 
presiding officer was a Colonel p***'^*^ a man of great resolution, 
and of a herculeaji fram6. A person entered the Court Cabin, and 
by his noise put a stop to the proceedings. He was ordered out, 
and the sheriff attempted to remove him ; but he put himself upon 
his reserved rights, and made such a vigorous resistance, that the 



France^ its King, Court., Sfc. 65 

officer retired from the contest. Colonel p***** thereupou de- 
scended from the bench, coolly took off his coat, gave the brawler a 
severe beating, and after putting him out of the house, resumed Ma 
garment and his seat, and continued his judicial functions. 

As I may never have so favorable an opportunity of relating an- 
other anecdote characteristic of these times, and which I have long 
preserved in my memory, I will inflict it upon you now. The prin- 
cipal actor in the scene was my early, and has been my constant 
friend, and is yet pursuing his profession in the northern part of 
Ohio, respected by all who know him. Should these sketches meet 
his eye, while they recall one of the laughable scenes of his youth, 
they will recall, I hope, the memory of the writer. ^ 

This gentleman was engaged in a cause which came on for trial, 
but in which I have always suspected he was not prepared. He rose 
from his seat, and gravely observed, that his client was ready, but 
that really the members of the Court were too much intoxicated — 
(he used a worse word than that) — to perform their duties, and he 
therefore moved their Honors to adjourn. For my own part I did 
not believe the charge^at any rate to the extent thus boldly made ; 
and I thought the object of my free spoken friend was, by the aid 
of a little confusion, to retire from the field with his cause untried 
and his honor untohched. The matter passed off as a good joke — 
the Court actually adjourning — and the story is perhaps yet pre- 
served among the judicial traditions of Wood County in Western 
Virginia. I give the name of the place, lest some of your chivalric 
readers of the Ancient Dominion should suppose that such a fact 
could only have happened in the barbarous country north of the 
Ohio. This same country was also the residence of Colonel 

I have deeply regretted to learn by the public journals, that one 
of the judges of that period, well known to the Bench and Bar and 
public of Ohio, has been lately cut off in the midst of his useful- 
ness. He has"^ left few more pleasant companions behind him. 
Called young to a judicial station, he brought to it great quickness 
of perception, much firmness of character and unquestioned integ- 
rity, together with a moderate knowledge of his profession. But 
he had great wit and the most imperturbable good humor ; and al- 
though so much of a hypochondriac, that he always carried a tra- 
velling apothecary's shop with him, he found causes of merriment 
in almost all that happened. It^was impossible to be sad in his 
presence, and the first President of the third judicial circuit of Ohio, 
under the constitution, was equally esteemed as a judge, as a man, 
and as a companion. 

" A merrier man, 
Within the limits of becoming mirth, 
I never knew withal !" 

Although one of the remains of that period oi forensic adventures 
I am far enough separated from it, and from the scenes of their oc 



qq ■ France^ its King^ Court, tfc. ^ 

currence, by time and space, to speak of the "actors without the 
charge of vanity or prejudice ; and after having since surveyed Hfe 
in the four quarters of the globe, I am free to declare, that in all 
the essential qualities of head and heart, the Bar of Ohio, between 
1800 and 1812, presented in many of its members the best speci- 
mens of human nature. 

But my business is with the exiled princes of the house of Bour- 
bon, and not with reminiscences of legal life in the West — 
though the eccentricities of Judge Brackenridge have thrown me 
back upon events long since passed. While the. King was at Pitts- 
burg, an amusing incident happened, which was connected with one 
of our countrymen, who subsequently acquired much distinction for 
the enterprise and military qualities he displayed, in conducting an 
expedition from Egypt to Derne, to co-operate with our naval forces 
in an attack upon that city. This was General Eaton, who, taking 
his seat one morning at the breakfast table, where were assembled the 
King and his brothers, and the boarders of the house, called a female 

servant to him, and said, vdth a loud voice : " You gave me a d 

dirty room, and a d dirty bed, last night." The landlord who 

had heard the observation, or to whom it was repeated, immediately 
made his appearance, and walking up to General Eaton, said:- 

" You have had ad ; dirty room, and a d dirty bed, and as 

I keep a d dirty house, you will walk out of it." And out of 

it he was indeed compelled to go. 

From Pittsburg the party travelled to Erie, and thence down the 
lake shore to Buffalo. At Cattaraugus they found a band of Sene- 
ca Indians, to whom they were indebted for a night's hospitality ; 
for there were then few habitations but Indian wigwams upon the 
boi;ders of our internal seas, and still fewer vessels, except birch ca- 
noes, which sailed over their waves. Among this band was an old 
woman, taken prisoner many a long year before, and now habituated 
to her fate and contented with it. She was a native of Germany, 
and yet retained some recollection of her native language and coun- 
try ; 'and the faint, though still abiding, feeling which connected her 
present condition with her past, led her to take an interest in the 
three young strangers who talked to her in that language and of 
that country ; and she exerted herself to render their short residence 
among her friends as comfortable as possible. The Chief-assured 
the travellers, that he would be personally responsible for every ar- 
ticle they might entrust to his care ; but that he would not answer 
for his people, unless this precaution was used. Accordingly every 
thing was deposited with the Chief, saddles, bridles, blankets, 
clothes, and money. All which being faithfully produced in the 
morning, the day's journey was commenced ; but the party had not 
proceeded far upon their route, when they missed afavorite dog, which 
they had not supposed to be included in the list of contraband articles, 
requiring a deposit in this aboriginal custom-house, and had there- 
fore left°at liberty. He was a singularly beautiful animal, and hav- 
ing been the companion in imprisonment of the two younger bro- 



France, its King, Court, S)C. 67 

tilers at tlie Castk of St. Jean^ tliey were much attaclied to him. 
The King immediately returned to seek and reclaim the dog, and 
the Chief, without the slightest embarrassment, said to him, in an- 
swer to his representations : " If you had entrusted the dog to me 
last night, he would have been ready for you this morning, but we 
will find him." And he immediately went to a kind of closet, shut 
in by a board ; and on his removing this, the faithful animal leaped 
out upon his masters. 

I do not know that the Lacedemonian code of morals, regarding 
larceny, has been formally adopte4 by any of our Indian tribes, but 
one thing is certain, that from Hudson's Bay to the Gulf of Mexico 
very few Indians can be found who will not steal from a white mail, 
when they are not apprehensive of detection, and who are not proud 
of cheating the Tshin-o-ke-mann.* 

The travellers pursued their way to Bilffalo, and from there 
crossed to Fort Erie, and then repaired to the Falls of Niagara on 
the Canadian side, the state of the country on the American side 
intercepting all direct communication between Buifalo and the Cata- 
ract. Going and returning, they slept at Chippewa, since immor- 
talized in our n^ilitary annals by one of the most brilliant feats of 
arms which have shed their lustre upon our history. 

From Buifalo they proceeded to Canandaigua, through a country 
almost in a state of nature, and by paths, rather than roads, which 
to this day seem to furnish the King with his beau ideal of all that 
is marshy and difficult, and even dangerous in travelling. In one 
of the worst parts of this worst of roads, they met Mr. Alexander 
Baring, the preserit Loi'd Ashburton, whom the King had known at 
Philadelphia, where he had married a daughter of Mr. Bingham. 
Mr. Baring Avas on a visit to the Falls of Niagara, and having al- 
most exhausted his patience, at the state of the roads and the diffi- 
culties lie had encountered, he expressed a doubt whether Niagara 
itself would furnish an adequate recompense for the fatigue and pri- 
vation necessary to reach it. Mr. Jefferson,' after describing the 
passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge at Harper's Ferry, 
with great beauty and animation, adds, that many a one has lived 
and died within a short distance of this sublime scene, without ever 
visiting it. And a similat" remark has often been made respecting 
Niagara, including even, within the circle of insensibility, persons 
who had heard the noise of the Cataract during many years of their 
liv«s. I should not like to vouch for the truth of the latter circum- 
stance, probably introduced to heighten the effect of the picture. 
Albeit endowed with a reasonable share of curiosity, and having the 
bump of locomotion pretty well developed, and though I have visited 
and surveyed, once and again, both of these stupendous works of 
nature, and have retired with the most powerful emotions, still I 
must say, that I should have felt all the impatience that Mr. Baring 



* The Indian name for a white man. 



68 - France^ its King^ Court, S^c. 

manifested, and probably more. And I am certain tbat in making 
such a pilgrimage, to such a distance and under such circumstances, 
he displayed more enterprise and perseverance than have fallen to 
any lot. However this may be, the travellers, after a few mo- 
ments' conversation in the swamp, pursued their respective routes 
— Mr. Baring telling the King, that he had left an almost impassa- 
ble road behind him, and the King answering by the comfortable 
assurance, that Mr. Baring would find no better one before him- 

They continued their route to Geneva, where they procured a 
boat and embarked upon the Seneca Lake, which they ascended to 
its head ; and from here they made their way to Tioga Point upon 
the Susquehannah — each of the travellers carrying his baggage for 
the last twenty-five miles, upon his back. The load was no doubt 
heavy, and the task laborious, but I am strongly inclined to believe, 
that the burden which the King now bears — and luckily for his 
country and for Europe — is more oppressive than the weight which 
the Duke of Orleans carried through the forest and over the hills of 
the Susquehannah. From Tioga the party descended the river in 
a boat to Wilkesbarre, and thence they crossed the country to Phila 
delphia. 

I have found in a French publication a letter dated from Phila- 
' delphia, the 14th of August, 1797, written by Due de Montpensier 
to his sister, the Princess Adelaide of Orleans, in which he describes 
the incidents and impressions of this journey. Having ascertained 
from the proper quarter that this letter is a genuine one, I have 
thought that an extract from it would not be unacceptable, and 
here it follows : 

" I hope you received the letter which we wrote you from Pitts- 
burg, two months since. We were then in the midst of a great 
journey, that we finished fifteen days ago. It took us four months. 
We . travelled, during that time, a thousand leagues, and always 
upon the same horses, except the last hundred leagues, which we 
performed partly by water, partly on foot, partly upon hired horses, 
and partly in ihe stage, or public conveyance. We have seen 
many Indians, and we remained several days in their country. 
They received us with great kindness, and our national character 
contributed not a little to this good reception, for they love the 
French. After them, we found the Falls of Niagara, which I wrote 
you from Pittsburg we were about to visit, the most interesting ob- 
ject upon our journey. ^ It is the most surprising and majestic spe*c- 
tacle I have ever seen. It is a hundred and thirty-seven (French) 
feet high, and the volume of water is immense, since it is the whole 
River St. Lawrence, which precipitates itself at this place. I have 
taken a sketch of it, and I intend to paint a gouache from it, which 
my dear little sister will certainly see at our tender mother's ; but 
it is not yet commenced, and will take me much time, for truly it is 
no small work. 

" To give you an idea of the agreeable manner in which they tra- 
vel in this country, I will tell you, my dear sister, that we passed 



France, its King, Court, S^c. 69 

fcurtGeu nights in the woods, devoured by all kinds of insects, after 
being wot to the bone, without being able to dry ourselves ; and 
eating pork, and sometimes a little salt beef, and corn bread." 

On their return to Philadelphia, the brothers found their finances 
so exhausted, that they could not quit the city during the preva- 
lence of the yellow fever. But their mother, having recovered a 
part of the property of the family, hastened to send them the ne- 
cessary resources ; and in September they undertook another ex- 
cursion, which this time led them to the eastern part of the United 
States. They proceeded to New York, and thence by the Sound 
-to Providence and Boston. In this metropolis of New England 
they remained some time, greatly satisfied with the hospitality and 
kindness of the inhabitants. The King yet speaks of General 
Knox, Colonel Pickering, Mr. Otis, and others, whom he met here. 
They continued their journey, by the way of Newburyport and 
Portsmouth, to Portland ; and from this last place they returned to 
Boston, and thence took the route by Hartford, New Haven, and 
New London, to New York. Governor Clinton, Judge Jay, Colo- 
nel Burr, and Calonel Hamilton, appear to have been well known to 
the King. 

While at New York, the brothers learned from the public papers 
that a new law had just decreed the expulsion of all the members 
of the Bourbon family yet remaining iu France from that country, 
and that their mother had been deported to Spain. Their object 
was now to join her ; but owing to their peculiar circumstances, 
and to the war between England and Spain, this object was not 
easily attained. To avoid the French cruisers upon the coast, they 
determined to repair to New Orleans, and there to find a conveyance 
for Havanna, whence they thought they could reach the__^ mother 
country. They set eut therefore for Pittsburg' on the 10th of De- 
cember, 3797 ; and upon the road, fatigued with travelling, on horse- 
back, they purchased a wagon, and harnessing their horses to it, 
and placing their luggage within, they continued their route more 
comfortably. They arrived at Carlisle on Saturday, when the in- 
habitants of the neighboring country appeared to have entered the 
town for some purposes -of business or of pleasure, and drove up to 
a. public house, near which was a trough for the reception of the 
oats which travellers might be disposed to give to their horses with- 
out putting them into the stable. A quantity of oats was procured- 
by the party and poured into the trough, and the bits were taken 
from the horses' mouths to enable them to eat freely. The King 
took his position in the wagon, looking round him ; when the horses, 
being suddenly frightened, ran away with the wagon, which, passing 
over a stump, was broken, and upset. The King was thrown out, 
and somewhat injured. In early life, he had luckily been taught a 
little of everything ; and among other acquirements, he was able to 
open a vein quite surgically. He is said to carry a lancet with him 
in all his excursions, and an incident of recent occurrence shows 
that this precaution is a wise and humane one. I have seen at our 



70 France, its King, Court, ^'C. 

Minister's an engraving, presented to him by one of the Royal 
family, which represents the King in the act of bleeding his courier, 
who had been thrown from his horse and seriously hurt. The Duke 
of Orleans is supporting the sufferer, while the King's suite sur- 
round the groupe — some of them aiding in the operation, and oth- 
ers looking on with much interest depicted in their countenances. 
Among the latter. Marshal Soult, and General Bernard, heretofore 
in our service, are easily distinguishable. The ladies of the family 
occupy the carriage in the back ground, regarding the scene with 
that solicitude they always manifest when there is any question of 
human suffering. 1 do not know how it is with others, but this sim- 
ple and touching representation moves me more than the immense 
pictures of Versailles where the canvas has recorded all the military 
^?|t glories of France. 

But to return to Carlisle and the wanderers. The King immedi- 
ately perceived that his situation required he should be bled ; and 
making his way, as he best could, to the tavern, he requested per- 
mission of the landlord to perform the operation in his house, and to 
be furnished with linen and water. The family was kind, and sup- 
plied him with everything he required ; and he soon relieved him- 
self by losing a quantity of blood. The circumstance, however, had 
attracted general attention, in consequence of the accident to the 
wagon, and of the injury to the traveller, and still more from the 
extraordinary occurrence of auto-phlebotomy ; and a large crowd 
had collected in the tavern to watch the result pf the operation. 
About this period, the New England States were sending out those 
swarms of emigrants to Ohio, who went to lay down the forests be- 
fore them, and to build up their fortunes in the West. The King 
speaks English as well as an American or an Englishman, and no 
accent would betray that he was a Frenchman. It is probable, the 
curious spectators thought he was a Yankee doctor, going to the 
West to establish himself, and to vend medical skill and galenicals. 
Apparently well satisfied with the surgical ability which the new 
Esculapius had just displayed, they proposed to him to remain at 
Carlisle, and to commence there his professional career, promising 
to employ him, and assuring him, that his prospect of success would 
be much more favorable than in the regions beyond the mountains. 
,• - When our party reached Pittsburg, they found the Monongahela 

frozen, but the Alleghany open. They purchased a keel-boat, then 
lying in the ice ; and with much labor and difficulty transported it to 
the point, and there embarked, with three persons to aid them in 
their navigation, and descended the Ohio. Before arriving at 
Wheeling, the river became entirely obstructed by the ice, and they 
were compelled to land and remain some days. They found Major 
F*****, an officer of the army, charged with despatches for the 
posts below, detained at the same place. On examining the river 
from the neighboring hills, they ascertained that the region of ice 
extended only about three miles, and kept themselves prepared to 
take advantage of the first opening which should appear. This soon 



Fi-ance, its King, Court, eye. ^ 71 

came, and they passed througli, and continued their voyage ; but 
Major F*****, who had not been equally alert, missed the opportu- 
nity, and remained blockaded. He did not reach the lower part of 
the river till three weeks after our travellers. He merited, if not 
the same reward, on& of the same kind, as that which .^was suggested 
for his commander, General Wilkinson, when this officer was de- 
spatched by General Gates to c^rry to Congress the news of the 
capitulation of Saratoga ; and who loitered ^ upon the way till the 
whole country had learned the event, and till Congress had lost itself 
in conjectures, wondering that the General had not tratismitted the 
official report of his success. When the tardy messenger arrived, 
there was a question of conferring upon him a reward, agreeably to 
the established usage. In the discussion a shrewd member proposed 
to decree him a pair of leaden spurs. Major F***** might have 
claimed a leaden paddle. 

At Marietta, the party stopped and landed ; and from a circum- 
stance connected with the King's recollection of this town, it may 
not be out of place to allude to the faculty of memory which he 
possesses in a most extraordinary degree. I have heard, from many 
persons entitled to all crpdit, instances of the exercise of this power 
to an extent rarely to be found in life. You have remarked, in the 
course of this nai-rative, the names of the various places which the 
King visited, and of the many persons with whom he was brought 
into contact. Recollect, that these journeys were performed forty 
years ago, and that many of these towns had been then recently laid 
out, and consisted only of a few cabins. Recollect also, that some 
of the pfersons whose names are here given were without any par- 
ticular claims to remembrance ; and add to these facts, that you 
have not a tithe of the names of men and places which the King 
has preserved in his' recollections of our country ; and then consider, 
what the gentleman, from whom I had these anecdotes, has assured 
me of, that in- recounting what he had seen and done in the United 
States, the King never hesitated a moment, but spoke with as much 
accuracy as if he had had a written memorandum before him. And 
when, among other questions, he asked the King, '' At what time 
did you arrive at Hamburg.'^" — and he answered, "On the 24th' 
of September, 1796, on the board the ' American,' Captain Ewing, 
and I was twenty-seven days on the passage," — my informant con- 
fesses ho listened with surprise. I have heard, from a perfectly au- 
thentic source, aliother anecdote proving the same power. Mr. 
Hughes, our Cha;g6 at Stockholm, was presented to the King in 
July last. The application for this purpose was made by the Min- 
ister in the usual way in a letter to the proper officer. The King, 
of course, .knew only that Mr. Hughes, the American , Charge in 
Sweden, was about to be presented to him. As our Minister, fol- 
lowed by Mr. Hughes, entered the door of the.saloon of reception, 
the King met" them, and after exchanging a few words with the 
former, he said : " I am very glad to see you, Mr. Hughes j but I 
regret to learn that my friend General Smith is dead.' The Minis- 



\ 



72 France, its King, Court, S^c, 

ter, thougli he knew Mr. Hughes was the son-ia-law of General 
Smith, was yet utterly at a loss to conjecture, by what association 
the name of the worthy veteran was recalled at that moment, never 
presuming thijit the connexion could be known to the King. But, 
on retiring, the mystery was disclosed, and the power of the King's 
memory exhibited, by the explanation of Mr. Hughes ; who 
stated, that at the Palais Royal, nine years before, when the King 
was Duke of Orleans, ^he had been presented to him, and had then told 
him he was the son-in-law of General Smith. And during those 
nine years, what events had not happene'd to the King, to drive 
such a circumstance from his recollection ! 

The King once asked my informant' if he was ever in Marietta. 
As it happened, this gentleman had spent some years in the early 
part of his life there, and was able to answer in the affirmative. 
"And did you know," said the King, " a French baker there, 
named Thiery ?" This gentleman knew him perfectly well, and so 
answered the inquiry. " Well," said the King, "I once ran away 
with him," — and then proceeded to explain, that in descending the 
Ohio he had stopped at Marietta, and gone into the town in search 
of bread. He was referred to this same Mr. Thiery ; and the 
baker, not having a stock on hand, set himself to work to heat his 
oven in order to supply the applicant. While this process was go- 
ing on, the King walked over the town, and visited the interesting 
ancient remains which are to be found in the western part of it, 
near the banks of Muskingum, and whose history and objects have 
given rise to such various and unsatisfactory speculations. The 
King took a sketch of some of these works, which are indeed among 
the most extensive of their class that are to be found' in the vast 
basin of the Mississippi. On his return, he found the' ice in the 
Muskingum upon the point of breaking up, a^d Mr. Thiery so late 
in his operations, that he had barely time to leap into the boat, with 
the bread, before they were compelled to leaye the shore, that they 
might precede the mass of ice which was entering the Ohio. Their 
French friend bore his misfortune like a philosopher ; and though 
he mourned over the supposed grief of his faithful wife, ■ he still 
urged the rowers to exert themselyes, in order to place his young 
countrymen beyond the chance of injury. They were finally suc- 
cessful, and after some time the good old man was taken ashore by 
a canoe which they hailed, well satisfied with his exp^edition. The 
travellers continued their voyage, and met with but one sinister acci- 
dent. By the inattention of the helmsman the boat struck a tree 
and stove in her bows. All the crew, princes and hired men, went 
to work, and after twenty-four hours the damages were repaired, 
and they reached New Orleans in safety, on the 17th of February, 
1798. 

From this city they embarked on board an American vessel for 
Havana ; and upon their passage they were boarded by an English 
frigate, under French colors. Until the character of the cruiser 
was ascertained, the three brothers were apprehensive that they 



France, its King, Court, Sfc. 73 

might be known and conducted to France. However, when it was 
discovered, on one side, that the visitor was an English ship, and, 
on the other, that the three young passengers were the princes of 
the House of Orleans, confidence was restored,>yaQd the Captain 
hastened to receive them on board his vessel, where he treated them 
with distinction, and then conducted them to Havana. 

But before the King left the American ship, he witnessed one of 
those scenes of lawless violence whicJi marked our maritime history 
for many years, and in which public law and private liberty were 
equally sacrificed. The crew was mustered upon deck, and the Bri- 
tish officer impressed as many of them as he pleased, and took them 
on board his frigate, to fight against their own country, or any other, 
as the interest of England, or. the orders of their officers, might re- 
quire. It is not the least strange of all the strange events which 
have occurred in these days of change, that a young man, a passen- 
ger on board an American ship, and who was brought by circum- 
stances into contact with the practical operation of the claim, on the 
part of Great Britain, to take from our vessels any persons sailing 
under our flag, should have been called upon many years after by the 
English Government, when upon the throne of France, to disavow 
the forcible abduction of a person from an English vessel. But this 
time, in the language of the homely apologue, it was the other ox 
that was gored. 

The discussions in the British Parliament upon this subject pos- 
sess sufficient interest to be adverted to, particularly as their full 
bearing upon this question of impressment seems not to have at- 
tracted the notice it is justly entitled to. During the French naval 
operations before the port of Vera Cruz, an English packet ship, 
leaving the harbor, was boarded by an officer from the blockading 
squadron, and a Mexican pilot taken from her. This act of illegal 
violence excited a great sensation in England, and led to warm dis- 
cussions in Parliament. Upon the representations of the English 
o'overnment, it was promptly disavowed by that of France. To those 
who recollect with what pertinacity a similar right, with respect to 
our vessels, was so long claimed and exercised by the British au- 
thorities, the remarks 1 shall quote, and which were made by some 
of the most distinguished statesmen of England, will pre^sent one of 
the most extraordinary chapters in the whole history of human in- 
consistency. 

In both Houses of Parliament there was the same burst of patri- 
otic indignation. Not a voice was raised in favor of the old doc- 
trine, but all coincided in the sentiment that the act was a gross 
outrage, and that the British flag was equally a protection for all 
sailing under it, whether in public or private vessels. I shall quote 
from the journals of the day. 

Lord Lyndhurst said, — ^' The pilot had come on board under the 
protection of the British flag, looking to that flag as a protection, 
but in this instance it was no protection. A more grave, a more 
serious outrap-e or insult was never committed against this country.'' 



74 France, its King, Court, ^c. 

Lord Ellenborough said, — " That no French officer had a right 
to board a British merchantman, and take a man from her in any 
part of the world. " 

Lord Brougham said, — " Any man on board a British merchant- 
man is as much under the protection of the Queen's flag, as if he 
was oil board the Q.ueen's ship. And there is no difference, if a 
man be taken from a merchantman or a Queen's ship, if it be an 
English vessel." 

Sir Robert Peel said, — " That, if for no other purpose, yet he 
hoped for that of preventing the principles of international law from 
being unsettled by any rash or unwarrantable act, and to prevent the 
enormous evils which must ensue if the British flag or any other 
neutral flag vi^ere not considered a safe protection to those who sail 
under it — occupied for instance in delivering the ship from peril in 
the capacity of pilots — all the circumstances of this transaction 
would remain upon record." . 

Sir J. Graham, — ^" If the officer gave up his pilot, without strik- 
ing his colors before a superior force, the proper course would be to 
put him on his trial." 

Lord Brougham, on another day, said, — " That the gravamen of 
the charge was, not that a man had been taken, but that he had 
been taken from an English ship." 

The Duke of Wellington and other speakers expressed their gene- 
ral concurrence in these sentiments. 

I anr fully alive to the value of the most friendly connesion be- 
tween our country and the land of our forefathers, and I, for one, 
should be prepared, in case of necessity, to make any reasonable 
sacrifices to preserve it. There are a thousand causes, social and 
political, bearing upon the past, the present, and the future, which 
give to these relations a character of great interest and gravity. 
The present condition of the British Islands presents, in my esti- 
mation, not only a political problem of the highest importance, but 
a moral phenomenon without a parallel in the history of the world. 
Occupying only the fourth place among European^nations in the scale 
of population, which is necessarily the first permanent element of power 
— pressed by a debt whose interest requires more than one half of the 
public revenue — divided by internal questions of polity, discussed 
with the greatest vehemence, and bearing upon the T'undamental in- 
stitutions of the country — possessed of a laboring class always scantily 
paid and supplied, and frequently without work or provisions — and 
having, in at least a third part of the Metropolitan Enipire, a peo- 
ple of a difi"erent religious faith, and always liable to be excited by 
the course of measures which ages of bad government have hereto- 
fore entailed upon them — the British nation has reached an eleva- 
tion of moral and political power, high enough to satisfy the aspira- 
tions of the most ambitious or the most patriotic, — an elevation 
which contrasts powerfully with the partly historical and partly pro- 
phetical denunciation of Mr. Jefferson, in his beautiful " Notes upon 
Virginia," published immediately after the close of our Revolution, 



France, its King, Court,' S^-c. 75 

and before the feelings to* which it gave birth had subsided into 
calmness and impartiality. " Her philosophy," said this patriotic 
and able statesman, " has crossed the Channel, and her freedom the 
Atlantic, and herself seems fast approaching that awful dissolution 
whose results it is not given to human foresight to scan." I quote 
this striking sentiment from memory, the original passage not being 
within my reach, but its indignant bearing was so forcibly impressed 
upon my memory in early youth, that I run small risk of perverting 
its meaning. After believing, for many years, that the French had 
abstracted from England all her philosophy, and we all her freedom, 
and that her period of declension had commenced, I have learned to 
look upon her condition with a truer judgment, and to form a hum- 
bler estimate of human penetration. I have learned that she has 
much sound philosophy, and much rational freedom ; and I trust 
that gradual meliorations in her institutions will evince the power of 
the former, and will augment the latter ; and I leave all speculations 
upon her fall to rasher or wiser observers than I am — contenting 
myself with hoping that any sinister predictions may prove as falla- 
cious for the future, as they have been for the past. 

But there are points of contact between the United States and 
Great Britain, which will require careful wisdom and forbearance to 
avoid ; and there is none more certain to produce the most disastrous 
consequences, than the practical renewal of some of those lawless 
maritime claims which the two great beligerents, that so long dis- 
turbed the peace of the world, asserted and enforced with a perti- 
nacity of purpose, and contempt of public right, which distinguished 
that remarkable period of modern history. 1 do not know whether 
we may consider it characteristic of our times, and the necessary 
result of the rapidity with which great events succeed one another, 
but so it is, that the recollection, if not the knowledge, of many cir- , 
cumstances important to a just appreciation of the profligate eon- 
duet — it deserves no milder term — of the two great ' beligerent 
powers towards us, has almost disappeared from the existing gene- 
ration. 

Many incidents of daily occurrence sufficiently evince the truth 
of this remark. I have scarcely found a single Frenchman who 
knows, or knowing, would acknowledge, the magnitude and injustice 
of the warfare which the Imperial Decrees waged upon our cqm- 
merce. ' And one may travel from Lille to Marseilles without meet- 
ing a single person who appears to have a true conception of the 
nature of our demaiid for indemnification for these outrages, which 
led to the famous treaty of 1831. If you explain in general tgrms 
to U well-informed man the ground of our pressing instances for com- 
pensation, and, by way of argumentum ad hottiineni, remark, that in 
a report to the Emperor, made by the Minister of State, I think in 
1811, the. amount of thpse injuries, , for which it was admitted the 
French government was responsible, was estimated at more than 
double the sum recognised by the treaty of indemnity — your auditor 
shrugs his shoulders, and does not believe a word you say, — but, 



76 France, its King, Court, Sfc. 

"by way of a silent retort courteous, he thinks all the harder that 
repiiblics are ungrateful ; and that a clearer proof of this well- 
established political axiom cannot be found, than in the demand 
which the United States trumped up against France, after the. aid 
they had received from her in the war of the Revolution. For my 
part, I 'wonder the treaty was ever negotiated ; and after the nego- 

.tiation I wonder it was executed. And I believe the latter result is 
in a great degree to be attributed to the good faith and personal in- 
fluence of the king. But to an illustration of the preceding remarks 
I know a fellow countryman here, who had ordered some articles of 
furniture ; but finding, when they were brought, that they were 
badly made, he declined receiving them. After the usual discus- 
sion upon these occasions, the mdagn^Mi fabric ant, rising in the ma- 
jesty of his nationality, exclaimed : " This is very ungenerous treat- 
ment, after France has given to your country 25,000,000 of francs." 
— ' The powers of nature could no farther go !' I- vouch to you for 
the substantial truth of this anecdote. 

1 had a conversation recently with Mr. Fry, the well known phi- 
lanthropist, in which a similar ignorance was manifested respecting 
this very topic of impressment to which 1 have adverted. ■ The cha- 
racter of this 'good man, and of his estimable wife, are well known, 
and are so far public property as to exempt any allusion to them 
from the charge of indelicacy. They were recently in Paris, en- 
gaged, as they always are, in examining the causes and progress of 
human vice and misery, with the noble object of reclaiming the one, 
and of alleviating the other. It is a beautiful kind of self-devotion ; 
but, after all, it seems to me that these travelling crusades are the ' 
result of feeling, rather than of reflection ; and perhaps a little 
xoorldly ambition, an ambition of distinction, luingles with holier 
sentiments. There are few whose lot has been cast in such happy 
places, that they cannot find, within the immediate circle of their 
usual labors, and where their usefulness would be the greatest, ob- 
jects enough of human wretchedness to relieve, without going to the 
equator or the pole upon pilgrimages of benevolence. I recollect 

-^ formerly, when surveying in the woods, that after taking sight at a 
distant object, 1 was compelled to keep my eyes steadily upon it, in 
order to preserve my line, and this too in utter disregard of what 
was beneath my feet, at the expense of manjj" a fall, and at the risk 
of my compass, almost as important to me as my neck. Some of our 
philanthropists, 1 am afraid, have in like manner such distant objects 
before them, upon which their regards are so steadily fixed, that 
they overlook many a stumbling block which lies across their rout. 
Mr. Fry had discovered the mote in his neighbor's eye, if he had 
neglected the beam in his own. He had found in the United States 
evils enough for the care of the philanthropist ; and among other 
subjects of anxiety, he pointed out the late increase of the slave- 
trade, and expressed his wonder that our government had not ac- 
ceded to the proposition of a mutual right of search, which England 
had ofiered, and which would tend so powerfully to check this in- 



France, its King^ Court, S^c. 77 

famous traffic. After explaining to him, that we were the first nation 
whiqh had interdicted the use of its flag to this commerce, I told him, 
that this right of search, or this right of entering our vessels for one 
purpose, which might lead to another, was a subject to which many 
years of hard experience had rendered ufe very sensitive. That for a 
quarter of a century his government had arrogated the power, and had 
exercised it too, in every ocean, sea,g,ulf, bay, or creek, on the face of 
the globe, where an English armed vessel found itself in contact 
with an unarmed American one, to send on board the latter one of 
its officers, who mustered the crew, and after saying to whom he 
pleased, " You are a British subject," carried off with him every 
one against whom he chose to pronounce this death-knell of personal 
liberty ; and there they remained in a foreign service, till death or 
a peace came to relieve them. And I recalled to him the cool 
metaphysics, far surpassing the subtlety of the Aristotelian school, 
by which this conduct was defended. Driven to concede that the 
law of nations did not grant to a belligerent the right to enter a 
neutral vessel for the purpose of impressment, they happily disco- 
vered, that having a right to enter, for the purpose of ascertaining 
the character of the vessel, or of searching for contraband articles, 
when once on board for a lawful purpose, they might then look 
round them with other objects. Without evincing any unreasonable 
jealousy, I told him T thought we might very properly reject any 
proposition which would open, with our own consent, our merchant 
vessels to the English military marine. I might have added, that 
our true policy was indicated by the Scotch emblem, the thistle, 
and Scotch motto, " Noli me tangere" — expressively rendered by 
"Hands off!" 

All this was new to Mr. Fry. He was perfectly conversant with 
black slavery in the United States, but the slavery of impressment ~ 
in his own country had apparently scarcely attracted his regard ; 
and certainly its operations upon our citizens, and all its horrors and 
perils, seemed to be unknown to him. 

1 trust, hereafter, the doctrine so generally proclaimed by the 
English statesmen, on the occasion of the seizure of the Mexican 
pilot, that the flag protects all who sail under it, will regulate the 
practice of England in her future intercourse with other nations. 
But should this just expectation fail, then we shall have but one 
measure to adopt,, and that is a prompt and vigorous resistance. If 
the first man who is impressed from an American vessel be not de- 
manded, with an instant preparation for the vindication of the 
national honor, and if the question which ought to be put to the 
British government, asking whether the conduct of its officer is ap- 
proved, be not answered in the negative, accompanied by a release 
o'f the victim, without any of the delays or tergiversations of diplo- 
macy, then if we do not seek the only redress which remains to us^ 
by a declaration of war, and by a vigorous prosecution of it, we 
shall merit the contumely of the world as surely as we shall re- 
ceive it. • 



78 France, its King, Court, ^c. 

But I must finish my- task by presenting to your readers a few 
brief sketcbes of the other members of the royal family. 

The Queen was the daughter of that King of Naples "who was 
driven frbm bis continental dominions by the French, and took 
refuge, with his family and court, in Sicily. Here the King, Louis 
Philippe, then poor, and in exile, married her, and the match is 
understood to have been one of aifection on both sides, and never 
has true affection been better rewarded. The thirtieth anniversary 
of their union has just expired, and they are at the summit of hu- 
man power, with a most interesting family of seven children, and, 
as is known to everybody, with the warmest attachment to each 
other. In the bitterness of French political discussions — and bitter 
enough they are indeed — no. whisper of calumny has ever been heard 
against the Queen ; and one who could pass through this ordeal 
has nothing more' to dread from human investigation. A kinder 
and more anxious mother is nowhere to be found ; and she is a sin- 
cere believer in the Christian religion, and devout in the perform- 
ance of its duties. Her charity is known throughout the country, 
and appeals for the distressed are never made to her in vain. In 
the performance of her regal duties, while her bearing is what the 
nature of her position requires, there is a kind affability which seems 
continually seeking to put all around her as much at their ease as 
possible. 

The King's sister, the Princess Adelaide, forms a par.t of the 
royal family, and she is said to be one of the most devoted sisters 
that brother ever possessed. It would seem like panegyric were I 
to repeat to you the golden opinions which this elevated lady has 
won for herself. In the qualities of head and heart, all who know 
her award to her the meed of praise. Religious, charitable, ex- 
emplary, she is one of those who adorn high places by higher 
virtues. 

A fact very honorable to all the parties has been recently men- 
tioned in Galignani's Messenger ; and as it contains a tribute to 
the worth of the King and Queen, I will communicate it to you, 
premising that I had the pleasure of a slight acquaintance with Lord 
William Bentinck, and that the truth of the anecdote has been as- 
serted to me by the best authority. 

Lord William Bentinck was a man highly endowed and of great 
moral worth. During the long struggle which England maintained 
with France, he served in the British army, and commanded at one 
time the auxiliary detachment which was sent to aid the King of 
Naples in the defence of the island of Sicily. I think he was there 
when the present King of the French was married. Subsequently 
he was appointed Governor General of India, and it was upon this 
occasion that appeared that splendid eulogiuip emanating from the 
genius of Lord Brougham, and which made a part of the history 
of the times — " a clearer head or a sounder heart never went to 
India." 

This gentleman was attacked in Paris with a violent disorder 



France., its King, Court, S^c 79 

during the course of last spring, which finally terminated in his 
death. Immediately before -this fatal consummation, and in A'iew of 
that event, he felt anxious to leave a written testimonial of his 
respect for the I^ing and Queen, whom he had so long known. He 
wrote, under these circumstances, this dying^sentiment — that he 
hoped the King and Queen would long live, he to govern France 
with wisdom, and to consolidate her institutions, and she to furnish 
to her countrywomen a pattern of female virtues for their example. 
The Duke of Orleans, the eldest son of the King, and the heir of 
the monarchy, is now about twenty-nine years of age. He is a 
young man above the middle stature, and of rather a slender form. 
But he is well made, and with a symmetrical figure, and he' is one 
of the most graceful men I have ever seen. His countenance is 
remarkably handsome, and there is something very prepossessing in 
his whole appearance. He speaks English with ycat ease and 
liuency, and with very little foreign accent. In con^rarsation he is 
ready and unassuming, evincing the general knowledg ' of a well edu- 
cated man of the world. Having no direct constitutional position 
with reference to the administration of the governmeiit, he has evi- 
dently kept himself aside from the course of its operations, com- 
mitting himself with none of the parties which are , contending with 
each other for power. In all this, he displays great judgment and 
a profound, knowledge of his countrymen. Every reader must re- 
collect the dissensions which have existed in the English . royal 
family, ever since the accession of the House of Brunswick to the 
throne, and the disastrous effect which these have produced upon 
the parties themselves, as well as upon the public men and mea- 
sures. And similar scenes of internal discord have too often ex- 
isted in other reigning families of Europe, where the ambition of the 
prince has overpowered the duties of the son, and a deplorable spec- 
tacle of filial disobedience, and sometimes of parental harshness, has 
been oiFared^to the public curiosity. But this state of feeling is 
unknown in tlie family of Louis Philippe. The heir of the throne 
has no wish to pluck the crown from the brows of the father. I 
believe he may say in all security, as the conquror of Agincourt said 
to his father : - 

— " There is your crown. 

And he tliat wears the crown immortally 

Long guard it yours !" 

Tliere is no political coterie round the Prince Royal, seeking by 
present opposition to lay the foundation of future power. The 
whole family seems united in the bonds of common affection, and 
the example they thus offer is as refreshing to the philanthropist as 
it is useful to the country. 

The Duke of Orleans -has just returned from a long tour through 
the southwestern and southern Departments of the kingdom to the 
Fr;^nch African possessions, and thence by Marseilles and Lyons to 
Paris. It is quite evident* that the incidents of this journey have 
attracted public attention in an extraordinary degree ; and that the 



80 France, its King, Court, 8^'C. 

whole conduct of the Duke of Orleans has been marked by great 
wisdom, and has drawn upon him the most unequivocal proofs of 
general approbation. He seems to have thrown himself upon the 
country, freely placing himself, wherever he travelled, in contact 
with the whole conimunity, receiving all, hearing ail, and answering 
all. I cannot conceive a ruder trial to which the pretensions of a 
public man can be exposed, than is offered by the incidents of such 
a journey. Sumptuous receptions, civil and military,- are every- 
where prepared for him, and he must perform the principal part in 
a splendid pageant which meets him at every step of his progress. 
Then he must receive and answer all the addresses presented to 
him by public bodies and authorities, and by the various corpora- 
tions Oi the trades which abound in France. And these do not ap- 
pear to have been considered by their authors as mere testimonials 
of respect, but they contain substantial allegations, enumerating the 
griefs which press upon each, and generally asking the favorable in- 
terposition of the Prince for their consideration. Sometimes it is the 
operation of a general law which is condemned or invoked. Some- 
times it is a local improvement deemed essential to the prosperity 
of a certain place. Sometimes it is a point of administration to 
which circumstances give particular importance. And to all these 
are be added the numerous applications of individuals, each with 
rights to demand, or favors to request, or with wrongs to be re- 
dressed. And then come the military and ecclesiastical authorities, 
with their congratulations, and the latter sometimes with their 
representations. And out of this the Prince has issued not merely 
untouched, but with a general and decided conviction that he has 
borne himself like a inan of great tact and sagacity, and who will 
hereafter assume his position at the head of the state with the fair- 
est prospects of future usefulness. I have read most of the Prince's 
answers, and I have been powerfully impressed with the great good 
sense, and knowledge of the woi-ld and of the subjects discussed, 
wihch they exkibit. 

We have a countryman at Bordeaux, a respectable and intelligent 
man, Mr. Morton, highly esteemed by all his acquaintances, who 
had lived many years in France, and is perfectly conversant with its 
manners and language. He informed me that the effect of the Prince's 
visit to that city was visible and powerful, and that he had concili- 
ated the good will of all who had approached him. He told me he 
had watched his whole conduct, and that it could not have been more 
discreet. And that his answers to the various addresses were nut 
only happy, but many of them certainly delivered without premedi- 
tation. . 

The Duke of Orleans is in the army, and at the siege of Antwerp 
displayed that courage which seems to be the patrimony of his 
family. In Africa he commanded a portion of the army which 
has so recently and successfully carried the French arms beyond 
the difficult passes called the" Iron Gates, which oiiered a barrier 



France^ its King^ Court, Sfc. 81 

tliat Roman power could not pass. His return has' been a trium- 
phal procession. 

The Duchess of Orleans is a Princess of Mecklenberg-Sch'werm, 
and she has brought to her high station qualities eminently fitted 
to adorn it. She is tallj with a singularly expressive and attrac- 
tive countenance, and a general deportment at once dignified and 
easy. Though she came to France a stranger and a Protestant, 
yet she has conducted herself with such exemplary propriety that 
all tongues are loud in her praise, and her husband is considered 
equally fortunate, as a Prince and as a man, in the choice he 
has made. 

The Duchess is well versed in English literature ; and on one 
occasion evincing to an American gentleman a wish to read the 
novels of Cooper, he asked her permission to lend them. They 
were returned shortly after, with a note written by a lady of the 
Court in the name of the Duchess, expressive of her gratifica- 
tion at , their perusal, and conceived in terms so flattering that 
I should be afraid to repeat them lest I might- wound the just 
susceptibility of our eminent novelist. 

And while alluding to this' circumstance, I am tempted to 
mention another anecdote I have heard, showing the very general 
knowledge of foreign "literature possessed by the younger mem- 
bers of this family. One of our countrymen was dining at the 
royal fable, and was seated next to the Princess Clementine. 
Some conversation arose, in the course of which the characters 
and incideats of several of the American travels were mentioned, 
and a point connected with them was stated, which our country- 
man was unable to resolve. The youngest son but one, just ap- 
proaching manhood, v/as sitting on the other side of his sister ; 
and hearing the debateable point at which the interlocutors had 
stopped, immediately took up the subject, and displayed a very 
accurate acquaintance with it, explained to the A^jierican a ques- 
tion connected with the literature of his own country which he had 
found himself unable to answer. 

The four younger sons of the King are the Due de Nemours, 
the Prince de Joinville, the Due d'Aumale, and the Due de Mont- 
pensier. The first is in the army, and has already given proofs of 
conduct and courage which have drawn upon him the applause of 
his fellow-citizens, and excited their hopes. Flis personal bearing 
at the storming of Constantine is said to have been remarkable for 
self-possession and intrepidity. He is a young man with light 
hair and light complexion, slim and apparently slender in his form, 
but with a handsome face and polished manners ; and these advan- 
tages are set off by a modesty of deportment which in any station 
of society, and at his time of life, would be highly creditable, and 
which is still more so in the position that he occupies. Those who 
know him speak very favorably of his endowments, ^'nd he has par- 
ticipated in that careful education which the King has deemed es- 
sential for all his children— an education not conducted in the se- 



82 France^ its King, Court, Sfc. 

elusion of the domestic circle, buj entrusted to the public institutions 
of the country, where all these young men have been brought into 
contact with youths of their own age, and where their faculties 
have been strengthened, and their minds disciplined, by the compe- 
tition of their companions, and by the regulations of these estab- 
lishments. 

The Prince de Joinville is a Captain in the navy, and is now in 
command of a frigate in the East. You have seen him in the 
United States, and I need, therefore, only say, that his subsequent 
conduct at Vera Cruz has confirmed the impression which his un- 
pretending manners and his previous deportment had produced. 
There are very few feats .in modern war which are more creditable 
to the assailants, in military point of view, than that attack ; and 
the Prince de Joinville bore his part in it with the greatest courage, 
and distinguished himself by the reckless disregard which he ex- 
hibited for his life in the perilous circumstances where his ardor led 
him. 

The two remaining sons ^ of the King are yet so young that it 
would not be proper to attempt to give any sketch of their charac- 
ters or endowments. They are fine-looking young men, with ex- 
pressive countenances, and very prepossessing appearance ; and I 
have already mentioned an instance which has shown the general 
information possessed by at least one of them. They are said to be 
both destined for the army. 

While I am writing, the King has again placed himself in one of 
those public processions, which custom renders necessary, and in 
which his life has so often been exposed to the stroke of the assas- 
sin. But this time, thanks to the precautions and vigilance of the 
polici:^, or to the relaxation of political fanaticism, he has passed 
safely from his palace to the Chamber of Deputies, and returned, 
without the occurrence of o*ne of those events which have heretofore 
marked the app^aratice of the monarch in the streets of the capital, 
upon occasions previously designated for royal processions. But 
there was an imposing display of force ; and the weather was boiste- 
rous and rainy — the latter circumstance being almost as efficient as 
the former, in preventing or repressing political movements in 
France. An incipient emeute was checked by the deceased Mar- 
shal Lobau in a manner equally humane and ludicrous. Instead of 
a battery of cannon, he caused the Sapeurs-P ompiers^ who compose 
a corps with military organization, but who are in fact firemen, to 
open a battery of water from their engines upon the assembled 
crowd, which cooled immediately their bellicose ardor, and stopped 
the progress of the tumult. 

The palace of the Tuileries is on the north side of the Seine, and 
a short distance above the Chamber of Deputies, which is upon the 
opposite bank of the river. From one of these buildings to the 
other a hedge of soldier.s, as a double line is technically called, is 
formed, having the National Guards on one side^ and the troops of 
the line on the other. Between these move the King and his cor- 



France^ itd King, Court, ^c. , 83 

tege, and all approach is interdicted, except to ^certain privileged 
persons, French or foreign. TlisS route, after passing under the 
arch of the palace, follows the right bank of the river, shut in 
by the high vralls of the gardens of the Tuileries on one side, 
and by the stone parapet which borders the Seine on the Other, 
to the Place de la Concorde, formerly the Place Louis Quinze, — 
afterwards the Place de la Revolution, and still later the Place 
Louis XVI., and destined perhaps to change its name, even be- 
fore its embellishments are completed. ]t is said to be the most 
magnificent square in Europe. Taste and wealth have com- 
bined to plan and to execute its decorations. It is bounded on 
one side by the river^ and on: the opposite by a range o:i» beautiful 
buildings, ornamented with arcades and columns in front, upon 
one of which, occupied by the Marine Department, is the Tele- 
graph, that stationary messenger which communicates orders, and 
receives information, to and from every part of the kingdom, with 
a celerity that almost annihilates the intervening space. The oppo- 
site sides of the square are open, one looking upon the Champs 
Elysees, and the other upon the 'garden of the Tuileries. The 
centre is intersected hj two large avenues, and the vista which each 
of these presents is truly magnificent. The palace of the Tuileries 
terminates one view, and the eye, after passing along an avenue of 
trees, rests upon the central pavilion, rising like a tower above the 
main body of the building, and surmounted by the tri-colorcd flag — 
to the French nation, the pledge of future victories, as it is a jne- 
morial of the past. The prospect in the other direction, at the dis- 
tance of almost a mile, is shut in by the Arch of Triumph, com- 
menced imder Napoleon, and finished under Louis Philippe. It is 
copied from that class of monuments, commemorative of military 
glory, which yet survive the desolation of ancient Rome, such as 
the Arch of Septimius, and of Constantine ; and which, while they 
convey to future eyes the memory of the great feats they record in 
almost living" sculpture, are among the noblest embellishments with 
which a capital can be adorned. And though I have gazed v/ith in- 
terest upon the chiselled stories of the military glories of the Eter- 
nal City, yet freshly told upon these indestructible records, and 
have yielded to the emotions which their association with the past 
cahnot fail to, inspire, upon the spot where they were erected, and 
yet survive — still I have contemplated the Arch of Triumph, dedi- 
cated by the City of Paris to the military glories of the Revolution, 
with a livelier feeling, because the events and the names it records 
are better known to me, and surpass in moral effect and in renown 
even the great feats inscribed upon the Roman monuments. 

This work is an immense column of stone, with a base perhaps o( 
a hundred and fifty feet by eighty, and pierced by two transversal 
arches. Within and without, it is covered by carvings wrought with 
the chisel, all highy finished, some allegorical, and others represent- 
ing triumphal processions ; and besides these more prominent repre- 
sentations, there are the names of all the remarkable battles of the 



84 France^ its King, Court, S^'c. 

Revolution, and of the distinguislied men whose memory is asso- 
ciated with them, — all hut the Great Captain himself; and this 
omission is in good taste, for he needs no other memorial than the 
history of his life a,nd actions. 

Crossing the great avenue of Champs Elys'ees, in the centre of the 
Place de la Concorde, is a wide street terminated at one end by the 
Church of the Madeleine, and at the other by the Chamber of Depu- 
ties, to which it leads over one of the magnificent bridges thrown 
across the Seine. This ohurch is among the most si^lendid striic- 
tures of modern times. It. was commenced under the reign of 
Louis XV., and three-quarters of a century have been employed in 
its construction. Originally intended for a parish church, it under- 
went, in its destination, the same fluctuations which during many years 
marked the character of the institutions of France ; but it is finally 
devoted to religious worship, to which I presume it will ere long be 
delivered. 

This edifice is in the form of a Roman temple, surrounded by a 
portico of columns of the Corinthian, order, springing from a base- 
ment elevated eight feet above the pavement of the street. The 
whole work, internal and external, is finished in the most exquisite 
manner ; and so just are its proportions, that its true magnitude is 
only revealed to the spectator when he can compare one of its im- 
mense portions with some well-known object ; when he sees a soli- 
tary visitor, wandering upon the basement, and passing behind one 
of the huge columns which give such an imposing grandeur to the 
edifice. 

The tympanum of the pediment is admu'ably sculptured, repre- 
senting the Last Judgment. Our Savior is -the principal figure, 
occupying the centre of the group, having on his right hand the 
righteous, and' on his left the wicked, with ministering angels for 
justice and for mercy, and exhibiting the broken tombs which have 
given up their dead. But, without the slightest pretension to speak 
authoritatively tipon a question of taste, and judging only by the effect 
wbich siiuilar works, both of the pencil and the chisel, have pro- 
■duccd upon me, I consider every effort to embody upon canvas or in 
stone the invisible objects of the Scriptures, or the allegories of the 
Pagan world, as a signal failure. They are subjects which should 
be left to faith and to .the imagination ; and which no artist can re- 
present without exhibiting some incongruity, destroying at oncQ all 
illusion, and leaving a painful impi;'ession upon the mind. 

The Chamber of Deputies was formerly the palace of the Conde 
family, which has been prepared by successive changes for the pur- 
pose to which it is now appropriated. Its superb portico renders it 
a striking object from the Place de la Concorde ; but instead of be- 
ing an accessory, it is in fact the principal structure, a head out of 
just proportion to the body which supports it. The Legislative 
Chamber bears much resemblance to the 'Hall of our House of 
Representatives. It is somewhat smaller, and with the same acous- 
tic defect in it organizationj so that there is an indistinct prolonga- 



France^ its King, Court, S^c. ' 85 

tion of tlie sound, which renders it difficult to hear the speaker. 
The form is simicircular, and the President's chair occupies the 
chord, -while the seats of the members are arranged in front with a 
gradual elevation towards the rear, and separated by alleys radiating 
from the central point. ' The gallery is divided into loges or boxes, 
and entrance to it cannot be obtained without a ticket, which it is 
often difficult to procure. 

In the centre of the Place de la Concorde rises the obelisk of 
Luxor, presented by the Pacha of Egypt to the government of 
France, and transported from the banks of the Nile to the Seine, 
Like the other niouifments of this description, it is a singular pillar 
of reddish graiiits, and its four sides are carved with hieroglyphieal 
figures and with the representations of various animals, in the severe 
style which characterizes this school. Notwithstanding the hopes 
which have been hold out of decyphering these imperishable records 
of a remote age, I doubt whether we ever shall succeed in revealing 
their hidden meaning. There -is something so seductire in the ex- 
pectation of piercing the darkness which rests upon the early Egyptian 
history, and of reading the life and actions of the Pharaohs upon 
their own monuments, that enthusiastic men have suffered them- 
selves to be led away, probably far beyond the limits of possible 
discovery.. Still, however, these venerable relics are highly interest- 
ing ; and though devoid of all ornament in their construction, and 
covered with sealed charactera, they are perhaps the most impres- 
sive'legacies which ancient art has bequeathed to us. 

Upon the site where this obelisk has been erected stood the guil- 
lotine, during that terrible period of the Revolution when the accu- 
sation, the judgment, and the execution, of a suspected person, 
were almost simultaneous acts. Here the last king of the old 
monarchy expiated, the faults of his predecessors, rather than his 
own, and died with the fortitude inspired by religious faith, after 
having exhibited during his life the virtues of a man, rather than the 
qualities of a-sovereign. 

Around the Place de la Concorde are pavilions of wrought stone, 
each crowned by a colossal female statue, dedicated to one of the 
principal cities of the kingdom. There are two circular rows of 
gas lights, the external issuing from bronze naval columns, highly , 
decorated, and profusely gilt, and the internal from pillars smaller 
and more simple, but adorned in the same manner. During the 
night, when all these reverbatories are lighted, a brilliant day reigns 
upon the Place, and the whole effect resembles the gorgeous descrip- 
tions in which Eastern imaginations" love to revel, rather than the 
comparative simplicity of European architecture. The carriage- 
ways are paved, but all the rest of the surface is covered with that 
beautiful bitumen so admirably adapted to foot passengers. 

There are two fountains enclosed by stone .parapets, with groups, 
in bronze, of Neptunes, Tritons, and Naiads, and all the other 
aquatic powers which the heathen njythology has transmitted to us, 
each bearing an appropriate instrument for pouring out the water. 



86 France^ its King, Court, ^c. 

The whole work is not yet completed, but when the water is put into 
motion, the gods and goddesses will form a very respectable cata- 
ract. ' 

Passing over a portion of the Place de la Concorde, the King 
with his suite crosses the bridge which unites it to the opposite 
bank, and reaches the Chamber of Deputies. His departure from 
the Tuileries is announced by the firing of the cannon of the Inva-»j 
lides ; and their discharges continue at intervals till the procession 
stops. \ 

At this moment the aspect in the interior of the Legislative Hall 
is at once interesting and imposing. The usual seat of the Presi- 
dent has disappeared, and given' place to a magnificent estrade, or 
kind o;f stage, raised eight or nine feet above the floor of the room. 
This is covered with a carpet, and upon it are placed five ornamented 
seats, the centre one for the King, being a splendid gilt arm-chair-, 
and two on the right and two on the left, for his sons, being rich 
plians^ or stools without backs or arms. A magnificent canopy of 
red velvet sm-mounts this stage, beautifully decorated with tri-colored 
flags and with national emblems. On a seat immediately in front, 
but lov/er and facing the members, sit the Cabinet Ministers, who 
are now divided among nine departments. These are, the Foreign 
Affairs, Grace and Justice, (the Minister of which is also the 
Keeper of the Seals), the Marine, the Finances, the Interior, War, 
Public Works, Public Instruction, and Commerce and Agriculture. 
Among the Ministers, Marshal Soult arrests the attention of the 
observer, as well by his military renown, as by his striking appear- 
ance, indicative of firmness and of long and perilous service. He 
was wounded in -the leg at the siege of Genoa, which has bent the 
limb, and rendered him somewhat lame. But he appears to be quite 
vigorous, and moves with much activity. There is something to 
me very interesting in his countenance, expressive of great benevo- 
lence, as well as of great character. The seal of history has stamped- 
'his fame as a warrior, and his military deeds belong to an age which 
hf?i passed. He occupies in the estimation of his countrymen, the 
next rank to Napoleon, and he has won his way to this, distinction 
by a long life of services and perils. But he has other claims to 
regard. He has great natural sagacity and acuteness, and a career 
of half a century of exertion aiid observation has supplied any de- 
fects of a more caidy education. He is exceedingly well informed 
upon all topics presented to him for consideration, and I understand 
from those who are brought into' contact with him, that they find him 
frank, ready, and displaying much general knowledge. I witnessed an 
incident, last week, which, exhibits the feelings of the army towards 
this " Old Glory" of France. It was at the funeral of Admiral 
Turget, whose house was opposite to the one I inhabit, so that from 
my window I looked down upon the door whence the procession 
issued. The deceased Admiral was the second officer of the navy, 
and had distinguished himself by honorable services and by an irre- 
proachable character, in a long career which continued three-fourths 



France, its King, Court, 8)C. 87 

of a centuTiy. He had a peculiar claim to the regard of Americans, 
for he served with the French forces in the United States during 
the war of our Revolution, and was wounded at the seige of Savan- 
nah, where he saved the life of Count d'p]staing. 

Under the Directory he Was Minister of Marine, and I have 
Ibeard Sir Sidney Smith say, he filled that station when he (Sir Sid- 
ney) was confined in the Tower of the Temple. In our latter days 
of peace, these two old sailors, who had made war upon every sea, 
were living very good neighbors, separated only by a partition wall. 

The funeral of the Admiral was very impressive. The body was 
carried in an ornamented black car, followed by two persons, bearinof 
his baton and coronet upon cushions, and by the mournerf^ of the 
family. The military display was striking. Long columns of sol- 
diers, on horseback and on foot, in full uniform, preceded and suc- 
ceeded the hearse ; and numerous carriages, of the King, and of the 
eminent men of the country, completed the funeral cortege. You 
may judge of the effect when I tsll you, that more than one hun- 
dred musicians played solemn dirges, as this interesting procession 
passed along the wide Boulevards of Paris. And thus he was car- 
ried to the cemetry of Pere la Chaise, and laid in his last dwelling, 
where high and low, the chief and the follower, equally find their 
final resting-place. 

While the procession was passing the front of the house where 
the deceased Admiral had lived, I observed Marshal Soult at the 
door, waiting for his carriage. Some accident had delayed it, and 
he was thus kept a few minutes upon the pavement, while the sol- 
diers were passing in front, and almost in contact with him. It was 
interesting to remark how steadfastly they gazed upon him. You 
could see elbow touch elbow, a kind of mystic recognition being 
thus conveyed from 'one to another, and every head turned much 
farther than was compatible with military etiquette, to watch the 
war-beaten and time-honored veteran. ^ With ofl&cers and soldiers,' 
the sentiment was obviously the same ; nor do I believe there was 
one man, in that moving military mass, who did not feel prouder, as 
he passed this living memorial of national glory. 

Below the Ministers in the Legislative Hall sit the Marshals of 
France. Of these Marshal Moncey, Due de Cornegliano, and Mar- 
shal Soult, alone remain of the original creation by Napoleon, at 
the organization of the Empire in 1804. Three others, however, 
Victor, Due de Bellune, McDonald, Due de Tarente, and Oudinot, 
Due de Reggio, are Imperial appointments, and the names of\all are 
historically consecrated by great military talents and by high feats 
of arms. Marmont "Due de Raguse, is self-expatriated, having fol- 
lowed the fortunes of the dethroned family. It is said that Victor 
partakes the same political sentiments, though he has not deemed it 
necessary to sacrifice his country to this personal allegiance, which 
it is so difficult for an American to appreciate. I imagine he never 
appears in public ceremonjes, being kept away by his political opi- - 
nions, as Marshal Moncey is by his age and infirmities. 



88 France^ its King, Court, ^c. 

The Deputies are dressed in plain clothes, but the Peers wear a 
uniform costume, which consists of an embroidered coat, white 
pantaloons, sword, and chapeau. They are all crowded into the 
seats, at the expense of some personal comfort. As they enter, or 
pass and repass, they engage in apparently animated conversation, 
and it is then interesting to watch M. Guizot, M. Thiers, Count 
Mole,]VL Berryer, M. Lamartine, and the other statesmen whose 
names are known in both, hemispheres. The loges are filled with 
spectators, all carefully dressed, and the ladies are particularly bril- 
liant. After some time, the Diplomatic Corps enter their loge in a 
body, and take their seats, in grand costume, as richly habited as 
the tailor's art can make them. The Turkish Ambassador, with his 
frock coat and Fez cap, is a remarkable object in this group, look- 
ing as grave and solemn as though he were thinking of the departed 
glories of turbans and robes and baboushes. 

Suddenly all ejps, are turned toward the royal box, and the sim- 
ultaneous rising of Peers, Deputies, and spectators^ and cries of 
" Vive la Heine P^ announce the arrival of the Queen, with the 
Princesses and the ladies of their families. From this time, con- 
versation is intermitted, or continued in a low tone of voice, while 
the general attention seems to watch the measured discharges of the 
cannon, that mark the progress of the royal procession. At this 
moment an Usher of the Chamber enters, and proclaims with a loud 
voice, "The, King." Instantly the whole assembly rises, and every 
look is directed to the door. The ofiicer is followed by the great 
deputations of the two Chambers, which are always elected upon 
these occasions to receive and precede the King. At their head is 
the Chancellor of France, Baron Pasquier, dressed in a costume a 
little fantastic — a relic, I presume, of the olden time, or of the Im- 
perial regime — 1 should think, from its appearance, of the former. 
He enters, holding his cap in his hand, and is succeeded by the depu- 
tations, the members of which proceed to take their proper places 
upon the floor of the hall. Then follbw the aides-de-camp, all in 
full uniform ; who ascend the step of the estrade, and arrange them- 
selves in the rear of the King and of his sons, where they stand dur- 
ing the ceremony. The King enters immediately after, wearing 
the uniform of the National Guard ; and saluting the assembly, as 
he passes on, he proceeds to his seat upon the estrade. His ap- 
pearance is hailed by repeated and cheering cries of " Vive le Roi !" 
■ — which he acknowledges by bowing to the assembly. He is fol- 
lowed by- the Duke of Orleans, and by his i^o youngest sons. They 
wear the imiforms of their respective grades in the army. The Due 
of Nemours is detained at home by sickness, and the Prince de 
Joinville is in command of a frigate upon the Mediterranean. 

After reaching his place, the King requests the assembly to be 
seated, and he then covers himself with a large chapeau, ornamented 
with a white feather round the edge, and places himself on the arm- 
chair. His sons occupy their plians at Jiis right and left. 

He then reads bis speach with a clear voice, and distinct enunci- 



France, its King, Qourt^ £^c. ' 89 

atlon. From time to time acclamations arise, when any particular 
sentiment awakens the enthusiasm of the a^dience. After this is 
terminated, the Peers appointed, and the Deputies elected, since the 
last session, are requested to take the oath before the King. For 
the Peers the oath is read hj the Keeper of the Seals, and for the 
Deputies of the Interior. Each member ,_ as his r>ame is called, 
rises, and extending his arm in a horizontal position in front, and 
with the palm downwards, repeats, " I swear it." The Keeper of 
the Seals then says : " In the name of the King, we pronounce this 
Session opened." 

The King, his sons, and his cortege, then retire as they arrive, 
and the assembly immediately disperse. And thus passes away this 
pageant. 

But another pageant has succeeded, more impressive in its at- 
tendant circumstances, and presenting characteristic features which 
render it peculiarly interesting to an American and a Protestant. 
Its whole impression upon me has been so new and strange, that 
you must excuse the digression which a brief description of it will 
occasion. 

The Archbishop of Paris died, a few days since, and he now lies 
at Notre Dame, embalmed, and exposed to the regards of all who 
may be led to survey this spectacle of mortality, either from mo- 
tives of piety or of curiosity. Thousands upon thousands have 
flocked to this venerable Cathedral, within the last three days, to 
witness the ceremonies to which the exposition of the deceased pre- 
late has given birth. 'You know this edifice is one of the earliest, 
as well as one of the noblest, monuments of religious architecture, 
which the middle ages have bequeathed to modem times. There is 
to me something very imposing in the aspect of these old gothic 
temples, with their high, pointed windows, their fretted carved work, 
and the peculiar style of their structure, which seems admirably 
adapted to the solemnity of religious worship. And then they are 
time-worn by -centuries, and have been the theatres and witnesses of 
many stirring events, recorded by history, and connected with the 
progress of human affiiirs. And you enter them from the business 
and bustle of a great city, and the transition is as striking as it is 
instantaneous. The trouble and confusion of the world are behind 
you, and silence and solitude around you. And their prodigious 
extent is in itself almost painful. Man is nothing when compared 
with his own work-^and what is he then, when compared with the 
works of his Creator ? 

On reaching the Cathedral, I found a numerous crowd waiting 
their turn for admission. This was the third day since the remains 
of the Archbishop had lain in state, and during all that time a stream 
of people had poured into the great gates, and moved in procession 
across the vast nave to the little chapel where was the object of their 
- homage, talien a last look at his pallid tace, and retired to give 
pla-ee to their successors. Entering, out of my turn — for had I 
waited for that I might have wholly missed my object — I followed 



90 France, ils Kingy Court, SfC. 

the crowd along the paved floor to a chapel near the opposite ex- 
tremity of the building. Here a'^singular spectacle presented itself. 

The chapel was hung with rich purple velvet, fringed with silver 
lace, and draped and canopied so as to produce the hest effect. The 
floor was covered with the same material. Numerous wax lights 
were burning, and the priests were in attendance performing the 
proper service. 

In the middle of the chape! was a platform, ascended by steps, 
and elevated four feet above the pavement of the church. This 
was covered with the same rich velvet, which also hung in festoons 
above it. And upon this was yet another structure, to which all 
eyes were directed. 

I have told you that the Archbishop had been embalmed, and here 
he was lying, amid all the pomp of religious worship, to receive the. 
last sad salutations of the faithful of the diocese. Here was the 
cold clay, fit companion only for the dead, thus exalted among the 
ilivin«y. Here it lay upon the pon^tifical throne, clad in the episco- 
pal robes, with a mitre upon its head, and a crosier at its feet, and 
the pastoral ring upon its finger ; and while covered with the digni- 
ties of this world, a sad and solemn proof that these dignities are 
passing away. 

And one by one, the pilgrims approached the chapel — cast a look 
upon the dead prelate — made the sign of the cross^ — and passed on. 
And night and day, masses had been said, and priests had been 
praying, and chanters had been singing, and all that could 
touch the heart or excite the imagination had found its place in this 
ceremonial. Bracelets and chains, and other ornaments, were lying 
upon a cushion, and they were taken up from time to time, and 
were then carried and touched to the dead feet, and after that, I 
suppose they were returned to the owners, to be kept as relics hal- 
lowed by this contact with the remains of the lamented Arch- 
bishop. 

But let us turn from this solemn cqremonial, devoted to the dead, 
and pursue our task among the living. 

Existing circumstances lead me to advert to one regulation in the 
constitution of the Chamber of Deputies, which might be profitably 
adopted in the organization of our House of Representatives, and 
which certainly would be, if England could furnish a precedent for 
it. But, unfortunately, and if I may so say, unpatriotically, while 
we think for ourselves on every other subject which can em- 
ploy the human intellect, and often with a boldness leaving behind 
it the cooler suggestions of experience, we seem to be enchained, as 
it were, by a necromancer's wand, within the magic circle of Eng- 
lish precedents, whenever a legislative or judicial topic arises for 
consideration. As to seeking information from the opinions and 
practice of other nations, it is a procedure not to be anticipated. 1 
have never entered the Hall of our House of Representatives, when 
that body was in session, without wishing that the Members of , the 
English House of Commons had never adopted the custom of wear- 



France, its King, Court, SfC. 91 

ing their hats \yhile in the performance of their duties'; for in that ~ 
event, I am sure no American legislator would have been bold 
enough to propose this practice, so injurious in its eifect upon the 
dignity of the body, and which gives such an aspect of inattention 
to its proceedings.* 

But to a more important suggestion. We have just learned that 
tht-ee days of the time of the legal session of Congress had passed 
away, and that the House of Representatives had not been organ- 
ized. The anomalous position of the Clerk, with respect to the 
House, occupies a large portion of the discussion, and it seems diffi- 
cult to define his powers or duties. What a rich field for discussion 
among a people so prone as we are to push every debateable point, 
to its extreme limit! In the mean time, the farther progress of 
affairs has been arrested by the questions of the contested elections , 
and the how or where of the denouement seems equally to baffle con- 
jecture. 1 was asked, a day or two since, by a distinguished diploma- 
tist, what was the meaning of the term " Lqco-Foco^^ in our party 
politics. How, thought 1 to myself, is it possible that so local an epi- 
thet has travelled so far ! But on my return home, the difficulty was 
solved, and I found that the Journal des Debats, that most unfair 
of all the periodicals of France, upon every topic connected with 
our country, had been reading its patrons a homily upo.n the criti- 
cal condition of the United States, and upon the approaching down- 
' fall of its liberties. The temporary delay in the organization of the 
House had furnished the text, and the imagination and ill feeling 
of the writer had supplied the commentary. And truly he had 
manufactured a most respectable ' raw-head-and-bloody-bones ' out 
of these little words, " Zoco--Foco," frightful enough to terrify every 
friend of liberal opinions in the Eastern Hemisphere. 

The importance attached in Europe to the annual Message of the 
President is not sufficiently estimated in the United States. It is a 
document which is anticipated with great anxiety, and read with 
great interest. Steam is destroying space, and our country is ad- 
vancing in wealth, power, and improvement, and its relations with 
the older nations are multiplying so rapidly, that a general desire is 
manifested to learn its progress and prospects — with some, in the 
hope that its career of political prosperity is approaching its termi- 
nation ; and with others in the hope, equally sincere, and far more 
liberal, that our experiment, as they term it, may be successful. 

Under these circumstances, the history of the proceedings of the 
first three days in the House of Representatives has been read with 
deep interest ; and 1 suppose it is still travelling onwards to teach 
the inhabitants of Siberia the danger of that worst of all evils, the 
evil of self-government. It is singular enough, that just at this time 
last year the intelligence to which I have . already adverted, re- 

* The custom here complained of, as prevailing in our House of Representa- 
tives, has been of late years reformedJ-since the residence abroad of the author 
of these pages, and an entire personal decorum, so far as regards swrA observan- 
ces, now prevails in that Hall. 



92 France., lis King., Court, ^c. 

specting the difficulty in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at Harris- 
buro", reached here ; and the circumstances with which that occur- 
rence was invested, seemed, to an European, to give to it a pecu- 
liar character of gravity. But a similar state of things at Washing- 
ton would arrest the attention of all EuVope ; and already the indi- 
cations which have reached us are regarded as the flying clouds 
which precede and betoken the storm. I have learned, that at the 
annual diplomatic presentations, which took place a day or two 
since, the King remarked to our Minister, that the President's Mes- 
sage had not yet arrived, and asked him the state of the question 
connected with the contested election ; observing, with great good 
taste and good feeling, in allusion probably to the conversation of 
the preceding year, that he did not believe any force would be called 
in to adjust it, but that it would be decided agreeably to the forms 
of the Constitution. A person who heard the conversation informed 
nie, that the Minister remarked, very much as he did on the former 
opcasion, that in looking back upon our history it would be found 
tiiat the suggestion of the Iving was fortified by numerous examples. 
That in the progress of pur institutions, many questions had arisen, 
aiid had excited much warmth of feeling and lively discussion ; but 
that they had all finally been peaceably resolved, and that little was 
hazarded in the prediction, that we should soon learn the House of 
Representatives had completed its organization, and was calmly ful- 
filling its legislative functions. 

But it seems to me, if all our Legislatures would adopt a very 
simple regulation which prevails at the opening of the Chamber of 
Deputies, much difficulty as well as profitless debate would be avoid- 
ed — and thatns, to require the oldest member to take the chair and 
preside until a Speaker is elected. Seniority of legislative service 
micht be substituted for that of age, if it should be thought neces- 
sary to insure to the presiding officer a competent share of experi- 
ence. But in one mode or the other, a session would always quietly 
comn|ience, and perplexing questions would be met by a house duly 
organized. 

Every American who understands the social and political consti- 
tution of his country must have little fear of any changes in our in- 
stitutions resulting from popular violence. 1 his is not a process 
suited to our modes of feeling and of action. We have much excite- 
ment indeed upon all public questions, great and small ; but happily 
this finds ample space for exertion in our elections, in our delibera- 
tive bodies, and in our political meetings. In other countries, 
where these safety-valves are unknown, or are too few,'popular ex- 
citement manifests itself in violent explosions, which often lead to 
the most fatal consequences, and become revolutions or rebellions, 
as the issue favors one party or the other. When inflammatory ex- 
tracts are copied from our journals into those of Europe, their ten- 
dency is judged by the European rules, and we are supposed to be 
in a continued state of political commotion, and always upon the eve 
of a political movement. I. wish we were more aware at home of the 



France, iis King, Court, SfC. 93 

immeiise, importance to the world of tlie example of solf-govern- 
inent which is committed to us. I do not speak of its duration — 
that I trust and believe will continue for a long series of years 
— but of the warmth, and sometimes of the opposition to the laws, ■ 
with which our political differences are accompanied., And though 
these give way immediately to calmer reflection, and to habits of 
obedience, and almost always terminate without _the effusion of 
biood, still on this side of the Atlantic the evil is seen, but not its 
antagonist advantage which insures to us the blessiiiigs of a govern- 
ment equally free and secure. 

Accident has just brought me into contact with an interesting 
man, approaching his ninetieth year, but with all the animation, 
and, 1 may almost add, the activity, of twenty-five. I could hardly 
believe the evidence of my own eyes, when I saw him start from his 
chair and dance over the room, as lightly as a boy, to give me, in 
all the gaiety of his heart, a speciinen of the green old age of a 
Frenchman. He is a physician, and has been brought by his pro- 
fession to the acquaintance of manj^ illustrious men, and by his ex- 
alted feelings to a participation in many of the most stirring events 
of the Revolution. I seemed to be gazing almost upon the Wan- 
dering Jew, when I heaid him recount the circumstances of the ad- 
mission of Voltaire and of Franklin to the Academy t)f Sciences, 
the highest honor known to French literature. He was present, 
and recollects the incidents as freshly as the events of to-day. He 
was the physician, of Franklin, and dwells with peculiar delight 
upon his noble simplicity, and upon the high consideration which 
he, a foreigner and a republican, had acquired in France. He says 
that Franklin had determined to submit to a surgical operation, be- 
lieving it was necessary to enable him to return to his native coun- 
try, and that the hope of seeing again, and dying in, the land of his 
birth, was his ruling passion, and the consoling anticipation, amid 
the pain he had suffered. Happily his old age was spared this rude 
trial. I 

Since the interview with my nonagenarian, I have felt better able 
to estimate the degree of excitement, and its consequences upon the 
whole views and habits of society, which accompanied the, first ex- 
plosion and the early progress of the RevoluLion. This man, mem- 
ber of a liberal profession, and an eminent member too, was already 
at a ripe age, when the great moral storm burst upon France. His 
narration, his declaration, his appearance, his animation, all show 
that he was a patriote enrage — as true a political fanatic as ever 
followed or guided in any of' the scenes of the Revolution. And 
such he is to this day, in all his sentiments connected with the events 
or the men of that period ; and such he will die. f. listened with sur- 
prise, when I heard him denounce, as imbecile or dishonest, men 
whom history has recorded as the glories of their age and country. 
But my moral sense was a,ctually shocked when he broke out into an 
eulogium upon Robespierre, to whom he attributed every virtue to 
be found in the Saint's Calendar. And I could not be deceived in 



94 France, its King, Court, S^c. 

the sincerity of his estimate of this great Arch-Priest of Infidelity 
and Murder, as all the accredited historians of the Revolution have 
painted him, and as we too have heen taught to consider him in the 
•United States. But if a man like my informant could be so excited, 
apd could suiFer his moral faculties to be so obscured, as to find, not 
merely a palliation, but a jujStifieation, for th^ deeds of blood which 
drew upon France the reprobation of the world, and convert the 
authors of those scenes into angels of light, it ought not to occasion 
surprise, that the great mass of French society have participated in 
the same sentiments, and co-operated in the same events. The old 
government must have been in the last stages of abuse, before the 
feelings of the people could have been roused to this point of exal- 
tation, and their energies to the terrible trials they were destined to 
encounter. This friend of the Savans of the last century was one 
of the captors of the Bastile, and yet wears at his button-hole the 
decoration given to him by the Constituent Assembly for his conduct 
upon that occasion. And he is as proud of his deeds upon that first 
day of the triumph of popular violence, when the stronghold of 
despjotism fell, as ever was Napoleon, or Wellington, or Soult, upon 
their greatest battle field. ^ 

He accompanied the crowd which repaired from Paris to Versailles 
to demand bread of the King, and which returned to the capital the 
next day leading prisoners, in fact, the monarch and his family. He 
marched at the head of the column, alongside of General Hulin, who 
commanded, as far indeed as any command could be exercised over 
such a multitude. He recounts with great readiness, and I doubt 
not with eijual fidelity, the circumstances of that- memorable expe- 
dition, which gave the death-blow to royalty in France. He was 
near the King and Queen, when they appeared in succession upon 
the balcony of the palace of Versailles, and heard them avow their 
readiness to accomjjany their importunate visiters to Paris — the 
Queen resting one hand upon the shoulder of General Lafayette, 
and holding the Dauphin by the other. 

He was present at the execution of Louis XVL, and within a few 
paces of the guillotine. He says the Patriotes of Marseilles formed 
a hedge along the Boulevards, between the ranks of which moved a 
common berliii, in which was the King (with his confessor, the 
Abbe Edgeworth), Garat, the Minister of Justice, and some muni- 
cipal officers. When the carriage reached its destination, the mu- 
nicipal officers and the Minister of Justice alighted first, and then 
were followed by the King, who after putting his feet upon the steps 
of the carriage returned -to speak to his confessor. He then de- 
scended, and was taken possession of by the executioner,. and the 
sad incidents which follow are now consigned to history. He dis- 
tinctly heard the King when he addressed the immense crowd which 
filled all the vast square, where the scaffold had been erected. And 
he repeats the phrase, word for word, as it is recorded,* stopping at 



* The accounts of the ]ast'words uttered by the unhappy King at this fatal 
morneni, here referred to, do not exactly agree, though substantially the same 



Prance^ its King, Court, 8^c. 93 

the fatal " bid — " when the Commandant Santerrc broke in, and 
exclaiming, "Don't let him speak !" instantly orderiBg the rolling 
of the drums, which drowned the voice of the unfortunate monarch, 
and was the immediate prelude to the consummation of the great 
drama. 1 asked him particularly what was the personal bearing of 
the King ; and he assured me that it was dignified and collected, 
and that there was no appearance of fear in his conduct. He looked 
round upon the multitude with the calmness of religious resignation, 
and met his fate with composure. 

In surveying the French national character of the present day, it 
is difficult to recognize those traits of cruelty which were so shock- 
ingly developed during the Revolution. A monomania must have 
prevailed, hurrying the nation into acts inconsistent with its general 
feeling, and marking that time of political effervescence as an extra- 
ordinary period in human history. You hear many facts of romantic 
interest recounted here depicting the features of those days ;- and as 
a conclusion to these desultory sketches, I will relate a short story I 
have just heard, not only because it is interesting, but because it is 
connected with the memory of Mr. Morris, our Minister at Paris 
when the Revolution broke out, and who was honored with the con- 
fidence of Louis XVI. It was told me by M. Le Ray de Chaumont, 
a most respectable man, well known in the United States, where he 
lived many years, highly estimated, and who now, in a fresh old age, 
having returned to France, enjoys the regard of an extenstive circle 
of friends. 

Count de F******, a general officer in the French army, com- 
manded a division of the troops which were reviewed by Louis XVI., 
on the morning of the fatal 10th of August, 1792 ; and during the 
progress of that terrible day he was particularly distinguished by the 
■ courage he displayed- in defending the Swiss, the peculiar objects of 
the vengeance of the Jacobins. He escaped the fate which so many 
others met on that occasion, and eluded the researches of his ene- 
mies by taking refuge with a statuary, where he hid himself behind 
the statues when he had reason to apprehend the approach of any 
person who was seeking him. Here he remained till the second of 
September, a day ever memorable in the fdstes of .the Revolution, 
for the terrible butcheries which were perpetrated upon the prisoners 
in the various houses of detention in Paris. Two days previously 
domiciliary visits had been made in order to discover suspected per- 
sons, and those who escaped detection upon this occasion, thinking 
that the vigilance of the np.unicipal authorities would be relaxed, 
were less careful in their precautions — a result probably anticipated 
and designed. General de F., considering his personal danger much 
diminished,, repaired to the house of Mr. Morris, who was his inti- 

As given in Carlyle's History of the French Revolution, they were as .follows . 
'■ Frenchmen, I die innocent ; it is from the scaffold, and near appearing before 

God, that I tell you so. 1 pardon my enemies ; I desire that'France " when 

his voice was interrupted and drowned by the roll of the drums at the command 
of Santerre. 



96 . France^ its King, Court, ^c. 

mate friend, and where Madame de F. was then living. Here, 
while sitting at dinner, and relieved from the painful anxiety which 
, had so long pressed upon him, he was suddenly alarmed by the ringing 
of the tocsin and the beating of the generale. Mr. Morris was un- 
willing to dispatch one of his own servants into the streets to ascer- 
tain the cause of these appalling signals, but M. Le Ray de Chaumont, • 
who was at table, had a faithful servant belonging to the National 
Guard, and clad in its uniform, who could penetrate anywhere with 
safety ; and he was sent out to collect and bring back the necessary 
information. He returned after being almost compelled to join in 
the slaughter which was going on,^nd reported the events that were 
passing, and added, that he had seen several bodies of armed menj 
apparently in search of victims. The whole party immediately rose 
from table, and Mr. Morris told General de F. that it was necessary 
for him instantly to seek another place of refuge, as he felt sure there 
was a spy among his servants, who would give immediate information, 
and that his hotel would then be searched ; which circumstance 
might be attended with serious consequences to the relations between 
his country and France. He added, that he ought, if possible, to 
avoid all pretence for this violation of the immunity secured to him 
by the law of nations. General de F. fully coincided in this view, 
and felt the necessity of an immediate retreat. But having neither 
carriage nor servant at the house, and being withal rendered almost 
incapable of walking by the gout, he was exceedingly embarrassed as 
to the step he should take. Under these circumstances, M. Le Ray 
de Chaumont felt the situation of the gallant officer an appeal to his 
humanity, and offered to accompany him in search of protection. 
He then entered the cabinet of Mr. Morris, to burn some papers 
which were there, and which might have compromitted him ; and 
was followed by Mr. Morris, who warned him of the danger he was 
about to encounter. However, his resolution was not to be shaken, 
and he left the house holding General de F. by one arm, while the 
servant held the other. 

They had advanced but a few steps, when they met a patrol ; and 
the commanding officer, arresting the general, ordered him to ac- 
company the guard, at the same time, making a motion to separate 
M. Le Ray de Chaumont from his friend. The former, however, ex- 
pressed his determination not to leave his companion, and. the officer 
permitted him to remain, adding in a warning voice, that if he chose 
he might partake his fate. He then signified to the servant that 
his services were not wanted : but this faithful fellow, approaching 
his master, said he would not quit him, as he knew him to be a good 
citizen. " Let us go to the Abbaye," said the officer, and they took 
the route to that den of murder. Arrived near one of the alleys 
which lead to it, our little party was surrendered to a picquet of 
soldiers, and the commanding officer ordered one of them^ to take 
charge of the prisoners, and to conduct them to the prison. The 
aJley was narrow, and was encumbered by sevei^al heaps of stone, so 
that two persons only could move abreast. The soldier proceeded, 



France, its King, Court, Sfc. 97 

tolding the General by the arm, and M. Le Ray de Chaumont fol- 
lowed, with his servant. A few moments brought them within hear- 
ing of the cries uttered by the unfortunate victims of that night of 
horror. ' At this moment, the idea occurred to M. Le Ray de Chau- • 
mont to seize the sword of his servant, and then kill the soldier, 
and after that to endeavor to make their escape. While in the act 
of grasping the sword, the General stumbled, and the soldier, hasten- 
ing to support him, testified his regret at the accident. Instantane- 
ously struck by a kind of conviction that the humanity of this man 
might be operated upon to induce him to favor their flight, M. Lc 
Ray de Chaumont abandoned his first design, and r.Idressing the 
soldier, said to him : " You show your good disposition to the 
General, and yet you are about to be. the instrument of his death." 
The soldier shuddered. " Yes, of his death," continued M. Le 
Ray de Chaumont ; " for it is not to a tribunal you are about to 
conduct him, but to a gang of murderers, who kill without trial and 
without distinction." " What can I do .'" said the soldier. " Let 
us go back the way we came, and we will try to pass out, saying we 
have been acquitted." " Yes, but if they disbelieve you, I shall be 
executed as a traitor." " You can avoid any suspicion ; follow us 
at some distance, and if we are arrested, hasten up and denounca 
us as having escaped." This appeal was accompanied by a promise 
to pay the soldier three hundred francs, which, he might receive the 
next day by calling upon M. Le Ray de Chaumont, or the Ameri- 
can Minister, whom he knew. While the man hesitated the servant 
recognized him as having mounted guard at the door of his master, 
where was a corps de garde, and he joined his solicitations to those 
of the latter. Finally the soldier yielded, and General de F., at- 
tended by his two companions, hastened back to the picquet, with 
joyful countenances, the servant singing a patriotic song, " Aliens, 
enfans de la patrie !" — gjid others exclaiming v^ith loud voices, 
" Vive la justice for the good citizen !" In this manner they passed 
the guard unquestioned, most of whom were sin^ng and intoxi- 
cated, and escaped the death which that night overtook so many 
others as innocent as they were. When the soldier called upon 
Mr. Morris the next morning for his present, wMch M. Le Ray de 
Chaumont had taken care to prepare for him, he expressed his gra- 
tification at the escape of the party, and the regret he should have ' 
experienced, if he had been the cause of the death of the General 
and his companions. But he added, with that strange inconsistency 
which marked this period, " as to those Colotins,''^ — so the priests 
were called, — " nothing pleases me more than to get rid of them. 
I killed two of them last night with my own hands." 

The subsequent fate of General de F. was melancholy and inte- 
resting. He left Paris and reached Boulogne, where, when he was 
upon the point of embarking for England to meet his wife, he was 
arrested and imprisoned to await his trial before the proper tribunal. 

As soon as Madame de F. heard of this misfortune, she prevailed 
.upon a person to seek an inter.view with her husband, and to take 



98 France^ its King^ Court, ^c. 

with him a small dagger and a purse of fifty guineas, with these words 
written upon a little piece of paper — " stab or bribe.'''' " I will do 
neither," promptly exclaimed the generous prisoner. " The soldier 
who has charge of me is a worthy man, and I will neither injure him, 
nor corrupt him. . Iwill trust to the Tribunal, andhope for justice." 
In this instance; — and a rare instance it was — he was not deceived. 
The Tribunal acquitted him : but when about to embark for Eng- 
land, he was apprehended by an order from Paris, transferred there, 
and perished upon the scaJBFold. The faithful servant was not for- 
gotten. He was asked what he most desired ; and answering, to be 
established in his native district, he was sent there, provided with 
what was necessary to support him in life. 

At another time, however, Mr. Morris found himself compelled 
to enforce the inviolability of his mansion, and he took his measures 
with promptitude and decision. The Duchess de D**** had sought 
refuge in his house in the country ; and while there, a partyof the 
armed police came to seek and arrest her. But Mr. Morris refused 
to give her up, and claimed his right, as the American Minister, to 
be exempt from searchi After much altercation this point was 
yielded, and the police then called for the papers of the Minister. 
He refused them, and at length they said they would not remove 
them, but that they would put them under seal. Mr. Morris told 
them,, that if they did, he would tear off the seals in their presence, 
and throw the envelopes in their faces. And this strange scene 
actually took place, after which the party withdrew, unwilling to 
proceed to extremities. In the night, the Duchess left the house, 
without the knowledge of Mr. Morris, to relieve him from the em- 
barrassment of her presence. 

She was soon, however, apprehended, and with a generous re- 
gard to the welfare of her daughter, she determined to destroy her- 
self, in order that her fortune might not be confiscated, as it would 
have been had she suffered the sentence of the law. She made the 
effort, but was discovered before she was dead, and the wound was 
ultimately healed. And it is pleasant to record, in conclusion, that 
Mr. Morris interfered so efficaciously with the Committee of Public 
Safety that her life was spared. 



OF 

BUHGEBS, STRINGHH & Go.'s 

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No. 222 BROADWAY, NEW. YORK. 

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CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 7 

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CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



MODERN WORKS OF FICTION. 



Afloat and Ashore. By Cooper. 4 vols. 
each 

Alonzo, the Servant of many Masters 

Admiral's Daughter 

Alice May. Ingraham 

Anne Grey 

Alida. Miss Sedgwick 

Adopted Son. Van Lennep 1 

Ardent Troughton 

Arthur O'Leary. Lever 

Atar Gull. Sue 

Alice Gordon. Alden 

American in Paris in Summer 

Anastasius. Hope 

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ring romance 

Alice ; or, the Mysteries. Bulwer 

Adam Brown. Horace Smith 

Arabella Stuart. James 

Arthur. Eugene Sue 

Amy Herbert. By a Lady 

Arrah Neill. James 

Arthur Arundel. H. Smith 

Agincourt. James 

Amaury. Dumas 

Ascanio. " 

Alamance ; or, the Great and Final 
Experiments 

Author's Daughter. Mary Howitt 

Ancient Regime. James 

Attila. 

Abbess. Mrs. Trollope 

Adventures of a Younger Son. Tre- 
lawa-^y 

Allen f rescott. Sedgwick 1 

Amelia. Fielding. Cuts by Cruik- 
shank 

Atlantis Club Book. Paulding and others 

Adventures of the Chevalier Faublas 

Adventures of a Woman of Fashion 

Albert Simmons. Frank Forrester 

Adventures of Joseph Andrews. Field- 
ing - 

Alice Copley. Mrs. Stephens 

Attache; or, Sam Slick in England 

Arnold, the British Spy. Ingraham 

Bravo. Cooper. 2 vols., each 

Bernardo del Carpio. Montgomery 

Ben Brace. Chamier 

Blackbeard ; a page from the Colo- 
nial History of Philadelphia 

Black Plumed. Riflemen 

Book of St. Nicholas. Paulding 

Black Prophet. Carleton 

Beautiful French Girl ; or, the Daugh- 
ter of Fontainbleu ; a tale of thrilling 
interest 

Beauty of Woman. Dr. A. Walker. 
Wilh plates 

Buckskin ; a Tale of the Revolution 

Bachelor's Own Book. Cruikshank. 
With 24 plates 

Battle of the Factions, and other Tales. 
Carleton 

Burne's Travels in Cabool 



25 



25 



Big Bear of Arkansas. With 10 illus- 
trations by Darley 50 
Bowl of Punch. With 70 plates " 
Brougham's Lives of Voltaire, Rous- 
seau, &c. 2 vols. 1 00 
Banker's Wife. Mrs> Gore 12 
Birthright " " 
Breach of Promise. By the author of 

"The Jilt" 25 

Bosom Friend " 

Beauchamp. James " 
Bush Ranger of Van Dieman's Land. 

C. Rowcrofl: 

Burton : or, the Sieges. J. H. Ingraham 75 

Barnaby Rudge. Dickens 50 

Brewer King. D'Arlincourt 13 

Brother's Temptation. Aithur 35 

Bandits of the Osage " 

Blanche of Brandy wine 75 

Book of Beaut^v. Walker 50 

Barney O'Rierdan. Lever 25 

Captain O'SuUivan. Maxwell S5 

Cabinet Minister. Mrs. Gore 85 

Calderon the Courtier. Bulwer 10 

Caleb Williams. Godwin 85 

Capt. Kyd. Ingraham 75 

Chevaliers of Virginia. Carruthers 1 25 

Charles Vincent. Willis 1 25 

Cloudesley. Godwin 70 

Club Book. James and others 45 

Contarini Fleming. D'Israeli 80 

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Countess Ida. Fay 50 

Cousin Hinton. Miss Pickering 25 
Courtier (the) of the Reign of Charles 

II. Mrs. Gore 85 

Cricket on the Hearth. Dickens 6 

Cromwell. Herbert 1 37 

Cyril Thornton. Hamilton 8'7 

Castle Dismal. Simms 50 

Captain Paul. Dumas 25 

Charles Tyrrel. James 25 

Cow Skinner 95 

Colonel Jack. De Foe 25 

Count Julian. Simms 50 

Corse de Leon James 25 

Crescent and the Cross. 2 vols, 1 00 

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Charles O'Malley. Lever 50 

Commissioner. James 50 

Criraesof the Borgias. Dumas 25 

Charles de Bourbon. Royer 25 

Clockmaker. Sam Slick. 2 parts, each 12 

Colonel de Surville. Eugene Sue 25 
Comic Nursery Tales. Numerous plates, 

bound ** 

Cruiser of the Mist 12 
Chain of Destiny ; or, Adventures of a 

Vagabond 25 

Chronicles of the Bastile "75 

Commander of Malta. Sue. Plates 25 

Consuelo. George Sand. 3 vols., each 50 
Countess of Rudolstadt; continuation 

of " Consuelo." 2 vols., each 50 

Crusaders. Dumas 13 ' 



10 



BURGESS, STRINGER & Co.'s 



Aldworth 



of 



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Champions of Freedom 
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plates 
Chatsworth. Ward 
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tan 
Citizen of Prague. Mary Howitt 
Chevalier d'Harmental. Dumas 
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Convict. James 
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Pardoe 
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lin about the period of William the 
Third of Orange memory 
Crater (the) ; or Vulcan's Peak. Cooper, 

2 vols., each 
Chainbearer. Cooper. 2 vols., each 
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sophy of 
Deerslayer. Cooper. 2 vols., each 
Diana of Meridor; or, the Lady 

Monsoreau 
Divorced (the) ; founded on facts in real 

life. By Lady C. Bury ... 
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merfield 

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Devereux. " 

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Ward 
Diary of a Desennuyee 
Diary of a Physician. Warren 
Dreams and Reveries of a Cluiet Man. 

Theodore S. Fay 
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Dombey & Son. Dickens. 4 vols. 
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Dowerless. Mad. Raybold 
Dombey & Daughter 
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Ellinor "Wyllis. Cooper. 2 vols,, each 
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Eugene Aram. Bulwer 
Ernest Maltravers. " 
Elves (the) ; translated from the Ger- 
man of Tieck by Carlyle 



12 



25 



12 

25 

1 00 

25 
50 

25 



25 
90 

70 
90 

90 
45 

35 

12 

25 

1 00 

25 

13 

25 



Emilia Wyndham. By the author of 

" Two Old Men's Tales" 
Elkswatawa, the Prophet of the West, 

French 1 

Exile of Erin ; or, the Bashful Irishman 
Evelina. Miss Burney 
Ethel Churchill. Miss Landon 
Elizabeth Bennet. Miss Austin 
Edward Manning. Ingraham 
Etiquette of Courtship and Marriage 
Eastern Belle. Harry Hazel 
Fortune Hunter. Mrs. Mowatt 
Forecastle Yarns. Ben Brace 
Fleetwood. Godwin 
Female Blue Beard. Sue 
Francesco Carrara. Miss Landon 
Fleetwood ; or, the Stain of Birth 
Forest Days. James 
Flirtation ; a Story of the Heart, Lady 

C. Bury 
Foster Brothers. Emilie Carlen 
Foster Brother. James 
False Heir, " 

Father Darcy. Mrs. Marsh 
Fortescue. J. S. Knowles. 2 parts, each 
Flirtations in America ; or, High Life 
in New York and Saratoga. By the' 
author of" Life in the New World," &c. 
Falkner. Mrs. Shelley 
Foscarini ; or, the Physician of Venice 
Frank Orby. By one of the Eleven 
Frolics of Puck 

Gilbert Gurney. With illustrations 
George St. George Julian. 10 plates, 

4 parts, each 
Ghost Stories. 10 humorous engravings 

by Darley 
Grumbler. • Miss Pickering 
Grandfather. " 
Gambler's Wife, Mrs. Grey 
Gentleman of the Old School. James 
George Balcombe. Tucker. 1 

Gil Bias. Le Sage. Translated by 

Smollett 1 

Gipsy, G, R. P, James 
Godolphin, Sir Edward Bulwer Ljtton 
Guy Rivers, Simms 
Greatest Plague of Life 
George Barnwell. Surr 
Groves of Blarney. S. C. Hall 
Genevieve ; a Romance. Dumas 
Ghost Seer 

Grisettes of Paris. From the French 
Georgette. " 

Homeward Bound, Cooper, 2 vols., each 
Home as Found. " " " 

Heidenmaur. " " " 

Headsman. " " " 

Haunted Marsh. From the French of 

George Sand 
Henrietta Temple 
Harry Lorrequer 
H — . Family. Miss Bremer 
Home. " 

Heretic. From the Russian 
Helen Halsy. Simms 
Hunchback of Notre Dame. Victor 
Hugo 



63 
70 
80 
90 
50 

25 

50 
18 
12 
25 
90 
25 

75 
45 
90 
25 
38 
25 



13 

12 

25 



13 



35 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



11 



Handy Andy. Lover 

Kector O'Halloraix 

Hercules Hardy. Sue 

Humphry Clinker. Smollett 

High Lite in New York. Jonathan 

Slick 
Hotel Lambert. Sue 
Huguenot. James 
Heidelberg " 
Hoboken ; a Romance of New York. 

Theodore S. Fay 
Home, or, the Iron Rule. Mrs. Ellis 
Hope Leslie. Miss Sedgwick 1 

Hour (the) and the Man. Miss Marti- 

neau 
Hall and the Hamlet. Wm. Hewitt 
Handley Cross Hounds. Jorrocks 
Ingleborough Hall. Herbert 
Jack Ashore. By the author of " Out- 
ward Bound"' 
Insnared ; a Tale of Woman's Heart. 

Lady Charlotte Bury 
Isabel of Bavaria ; or, the Chronicles of 

France for the reign of Charles the 

Sixth. Dumas 
Isabel Graham; or, Charity's Reward. 

Herbert 
Jew of Granada ; a Romance of Spain. 

Maturin 
Irish Sketch Book. Titmarsh 
Iron Mask ; or, the days of Tyranny. 

Victor Hugo 
Ivanhoe. Scott 
Jacob Faithful. Marryatt 
Jack Hinton, the Guardsman 
Journal of a Vicar 
Jack of the Mill. W. Howitt 
Jew. Spindler 
Jiit. By the author of the " Marrying 

Man" 
Improvisatore. -Anderson 
Inheritance. Miss Ferrier 
Jessie's Flirtations. By the author of 

" Kate in Search of a Husband" 
Integrity. Mrs. Hofland 
Idle Hour Book 

Indian in his Wigwam. Schoolcraft 
Jack Malcolm's Log 
Journeyman Joiner. George Sand- 
Jacob Faithful. Marryat 
Joseph Rushbrook " 
Joseph Hare. Life of 
Jack Ashore. Howard 
Jack Sheppard. Ainsworth 
Jack Ariel ; or, Life on Board an East 

Indiaman 
Jane Eyre, an Autobiography 
John Cavalier. Sue 
Jack the Giant Killer. 20 plates 
Kate in Search of a Husband 
Knight of Gwynn. Lever. With illus- 
tration by Phiz 
Knights of (he Seal. Duganne 
King's Own, Marryatt 
Kenilworth. Sir W. Scott 
Last of the Mohicahs. Cooper. 2 vols., 

each 
Lionel Lincoln. Cooper. 2 vols., each 



Leonora Lynmore. Miss Leslie 25 

Lodore. Mrs. Shelley " 

Lucretia Maria Davidson. Sedgwick 50 

Love Match. Cockton 25 

Lafitte, the Pirate of the Gulf 50 
Loiterings of Arthur O'Leary. Harry 

Lorrequer 31 
Legends and Stories of Ireland. Lover 50 
Life of Brummel 31 
Last of the Barons. Bulwer 25 
Lost Ship. Neale " 
Look to the End. Mrs. Ellis 12 
Love and Mesmerism. H. Smith 25 
Lady of Milan. Edited by Mrs. Thom- 
son " 
Livonian Tales. By the author of Let- 
ters from the Balbec 13 
Leontine. Mrs. Maberley 25 
Lucretia. Bulwer " 
Leila " 12 
Last of the Fairies. James 13 
Last Days of Pompeii. Bulwer 25 
Lin woods (the). Miss C. M. Sedgwick 50 
Lord Roldan. Cunningham 50 
Louisa Mildmay 25 
Lovers and Husbands. Arthur 38 
Last of the Saxons; a Tale 25 
Mercedes of Castile. Cooper. 2 vols., 

each 25 
Monikins. Cooper. 2 vols., each " 
Mysteries of Paris. Sue 50 
Merchant's Daughter. Miss Pickering 25 
Marmaduke Wy vil. Herbert 38 . 
Matilda ; or, Memoirs of a Young Wo- 
man. Eugene Sue 50 
Martin Chuzzlewit. Dickens " 
Monk. Lewis 25 
Mince Pie for the Million " 
Mysteries of the Heath. F. Soulie " 
Mary Stuart, CLueen of Scots; Dumas " 
Monk's Revenge ; or, the Secret Enemy. 

Spring 50 
Mysteries of Old London. Reynolds. 
With Engravings from Hogarth. In 

parts, each 25 

Mysteries of Berlin. 10 steel plates 75 
Montezuma, or, the Last of the Aztecs. 

Maturin 50 
Midshipman Easy 25 
Major Jones's Courtship. With 13 en- 
gravings 50 
Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures 12 
Mrs. Peck's Pudding, and other Tales „ 
Marryat's Novels. In numbers, each 25 
Marryatt's Log of a Privateer's Man 
Merton, a Novel. Theodore Hook " 
Mansfield Park. Miss Austen " 
My Shooting Box. Frank Forrester 50 
Mysteries of the Back-woods. By the 
author of " Tom Owen, the Bee Hunt- 
er." Illustrations by Darley " 
Mary de Clifford ; a Novel 25 
Maid of Honor ; or, the Massacre of St, 

Bartholomew " 

Marriage. Miss Ferrier " 

Margaret Graham. James 13 

Mount SotcI ; or, the Heiress of the De 

Veres's' ' 12 



12 



BURGESS, STJEUNGER & Co/s 



Midnight Bell 

Mysteries and Miseries of New York. 
Ned Banlline. Parts I. and 11^ each 

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Monk's Revenge. Spring. 

Master Timothy's Book Case 

Manoeuvring Mother 

Mabel the Actress 

Margaret Percival 

Marsion 

Monsieur Antoine. Dumas 

Margaret Catchpole 

Mosaic Workers. George Sand 

Man-at-Arms. James 

Mary Morland. Barker 

Morning Watches. Miss Bremer 

Marquis de Letoriere. Sue 

Moustache. From the French 

Monsieur Violet. MarryaH 

Midshipman Easy. " 

Mat Kavanagh. Carleton 

Manhood. Deslandes 

Married and Single. Arthur 

Ned Myers. Cooper. 2 vols., each 

Nick Bigelow the Counterfeiter, and 
other Tales j cuts 

Naval Officer. Marryat 

Nell Gvvynn, a Novel. Ainsworth 

Newton Forster. Marryatt 

Nabob at Home 

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Nina. 

N§w Sketches of Every-day Life ; wiEh 
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Nevilles of Garretstown. Lever 

Next of Kin. Mrs. Gore 

Nicholas Nickleby. Dickens- 

Nowlands, The 

Norman's Bridge. Mrs. Marsh 

Night and Morning. Bulwer 

Now and Then. Warren 

Nazarenes ; or, the Last of the Washing- 
tons. A Revelation of Philadelphia, 
New York, and Washington, in the 
year 1844. George Lippard, author 
of the " auaker City," &c. 

Nelly Brown and the Student 

Nan Darrell. Miss Pickering 

Naval Officer 

Orphans of UnswaWen 

Oliver Twist. Dickens 

Old Commodore. Howard 

Onslow, a Tale of the South 

Oak Openings; or, the Bee Hunter. 
Cooper. 2 vols., each 

O'Donoghue. Lever 

Only Daughter ; a Novel 

Old Judge ; or. Life in a Colony. Sam 
Slick. In press. 

Only a Fiddler and O. T. Anderson 

Ottawah, the last Chief 

Old St. Paul's. Ainsworth 

Pilot. Cooper. 2 vols., each 

Path Finder " " 

Precaution " " 

Pioneers " " 

Prairie u . u ^ 

Philosophy of Marriage. Dr. Ryan 



50 



35 



12 



50 



25 



SO 



Pencillings by the Way. N. P. WtlKsi 
Written during some years of travel 

abroad 1 00 

Paul Jones, Life and Adventures of 13 

Peter Simple " 

Punch's Comic Blackstone 50 

" Medieal Student. 2 parts 50 

" Letter Writer 25 

" Courtship " 

" Dossay Portraits- 12 

" Labors of Hercules 35 

" Mythology " 

" Peep into London Society " 
Peter Ploddy and other Oddities, J. C 
Neale. Or second series of " Charcoal 
Sketches," with illustralions by Dariey, 

reduced- to 50 
Pride and Prejudice, a Novel. Miss 

Austen 25 
Pickings from the Portfolio of the Re- 
porter of the New Orleans Picayune. 

8 plates 50 

Pelham. Bulwer 25 
Paul Clifford " 

Pilgrims of the Rhine. Bulwer " 

President's Daughter, Miss Bremer 12 

Prairie Bird. Murray 25 

Peers and Parvenus. Mrs. Gore " 

Parsonage of Mora. Miss Bremer 12 

Partisan, The. Simms 1 25 

Paul Ukiek. Mattison " 

Pelayo ; a Story of the Goth. Simms " 

Philip Augustus. James 85 
Preferment ; or, My TjEcle the Earl. 

Mrs. Gore 90 
Prince and the Pedlar. Miss E.Picker- 



25 



Percival Keene. Marryatt 

Peter Bunee. Hook 

Peregrine Pickle. SmoUet 

Piquilla Alliaga. Scribe 

Patrol of the Mountains- 
Poor Jack, Marryatt 

Pickwick Papers. Dieken-s 

Philosopher's Stone. De Balzac 

Pirate's Own Book 

Phantom Ship. Marryatt 

Pirate and the Three Cutters. Marryatt 

duadroone ; or, St. Michael's Day 

Q,uarter Race in Kentucky, and other 
Tales. By the Editor of the "Big 
Bear of Arkansas" 

Clueen of Denmark. Mrs. Gore 

CLuaker City oi the Monks of Monk 
Hall 1 00 

duiet Husband, a Novel. Miss Pick- 
ering 

Q.uentin Durward. Sir W. Scott 

Red Rover. Cooper. 2 vols., each 
I Red Skins. " " 

Rattlin the Reefer. Howard 

■ Rody the Rover ; or,, the Ribbon Man. 
Carleton 

Regent's Daughter. Dumas 

Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. Bul- 
wer 

Rose d'Albret. James 
t Random_ Shots. L, F. Tasistro 



50 

a 

25 

u 

50 

12 

100 

25 



50 



25 



25 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



Roderick Random. Smollett. 

Rose of Persia ; or, Giafar al Barmek. 

Spring 
Rory O'More. Lover 
Rupert Sinclair 
Ro^er Dutton. James 
Raffle for a Wite 

Rose of Thistle Island. Miss Carlen 
Russell. James 
Robber. " 
Richelieu. " 

Rookwood— Dick Turpin. Ainsworth 
Rise of Iskander. D ' Israel i 
Spy. Cooper. 3 vols., each 
Satanstoe. " . " 

Sir Henry Morgan. By the " Author of 

Ratllin the R^fer. Howard" 
Sylvester Sound. Cockton 
Salamander. Eugene Sue 
St. James ; or, the Court of Uueen Anne 
Sin. of M. Antoine. George Sand 
Sylvandire; or, the Dissipated Inheri- 
tance. Dumas 
Sybil Lennard ; a Record of Woman's 

Life. Mrs. Grey 
Sea Snake ; or, the Adventures of David 

"Watson 
Secret Tribunal. Dumas 
Scenes in the Rocky Mountains, Ore- 
gon, Texas, &c. 
Streaks of Squatter Life. Solitaire. 

With Illustrations by Darley 
Simon Suggs, and other Alabama Sket- 
ches. With illustrations by Darley 
Sol Smith's Theatrical Apprenticeship 
Sybil, a Novel. D'Israeli 
Scourge of the Ocean 
Self Devotion. Mrs. Campbell 
Safia. De Beauvoir 
Self. By the Author of Cecil 
Story of a Royal Favorite. Mrs. Gore 
Stepmother: James 
Salmagundi. Paulding and Irving 
Sheppard Lee. Written by himself 
Stories of the Sea. Captain Marryat 
St. Patrick's Eve. Lever 
Star of the Fallen. Curtis 
Splendors of Versailles. Fortuol 
Snarley Yow. Marryat 
Squire. Miss Pickering 
String of Pearls. James 
Sylvio Pellico ; or. My Prison 
Secret Foe. Miss Pickering 
Son of a Genius. Mrs. Holland 
Sketches of Irish Character. Mrs. Hall 

" Everyday Life. Dickens 

Ten Thousand a Year 
The Two Brides 
Tancred, a Novel. D'Israeli 
Triumphs of Time. By the author of 

"'Two Old Men's Tales" 
Tales from the German 
The Female Minister ; or, the Son's Re- 
venge 
Tales and Novels. Miss Bremer 
Tales and Sketches. Stone 
Tom Jones. Fielding. 
Time Works Wonders. Jerrold 



Temptation and Atonement. Mrs. Gore 
Tower of London. Ainsworth 
Travelling Bachelor 
Thirty Years among the Players. Joe 

Co well 
Treasure Trove; or, LL.D. Lover 
Therese Dunoyer. Sue 
Twins. Miss Bremer 
Tom Burke of Ours. Lever. 
Tales of a Grandfather. Scott. Four 

series, each 
Tom Cringle's Log 
Unloved One. Mrs. Hofiand 
Undine and Sintram. 
Unfortunate Maid 
Valerie, a Tale. Capt. Marryat 
Valentine Vor. Illu^rated 
Venetia. D'Israeli 
Veronica. Zschokke 
Valentine McClutchy. Carleton 
Voice from the Vintage. Mrs. Ellis 
Valcreuse. Sandeau 
Virgin of the Sun. Ned Bundine 
Victim of Intrigue 
Vivian Grey. D'Israeli 
Wyandotte. Cooper. 2 vols., each 
Wept of Wish-ton-wish. Cooper. 2 

vols., each 
Water Witch. Cooper. 2 vols., each 
Wing and Wing. " " 

White Slaves. By the author of " Re- 
velations of Russia" 
White Boy. Itdi-s. Hall 
Wyoming 

Wayside Cross. Millman 
Wandering Jew. Sue. New edition, 

with over 500 illustrations. 2 vols. 
Wild Sports of the West. W. H. Max- 
well 

Whom to Marry, and How to Get Mar- 
ried 

Wilson's Tales of the Borders. In parts, 
each 

Westward Ho ! Paulding 

Woman in the Nineteenth Century. 
Mrs. Fuller 

Whimsicalities. Hood 

Wagner the Wehr Wolf. Reynolds 

Wilfulness of Woman 

Waggeries and Vagaries. W. E. Bur- 
ton, Comedian. With original de- 
signs by Darley 

Whispers to a Newly Married Pair 

Wondrous Tale of Alroy 

Waverly Novels complete. 5 vols 

Waverly Prose Works. 5 vols. 

Warwick Woodlands. Herbert 

Who Shall be Heir 1 Miss Pickering 

Wild Love, a Romance 

Wild Western Scenes 

White Boy. Mrs. Hall 

Yankee Stories 

Youth of Shakspeare 

Year of Consolation. Mrs. Butler 
1 50 Young Duke. D'Israeli 
1 25 Young Kate ; or, the Rescue 
50 Yemassee. W. G. Simms 
13 Zanoni. Bulwer 



13 

25 
50 



25 



50 



25 



12 
25 

it 

50 
2 50 
1 50 

37 
6 

25 



31 
3 50 
37 
50 
25 



12 



25 



12 
50 

37 

50 

12 

50 

13 

25 

75 

25 
II 

50 
13 
38 
25 



13- 

100 
50 
25 
25 



50 

50 

11 

25 



50 
13 
25 

2 50 

2 50 

25 



50 
25 
50 

II 

75 

25 



50 



u 



BURGESS, STEINGER & Co.'s 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 



Annals of America, 1492-1826. Abiel 

Holmes. 2 vols. S3 50 

Andrew Jackson, Life of. Cobbett 37 

Allison's History of Europe. 4 vols. 5 00 
Athens ; Its Rise and Fall. BuJwer 1 25 
Addison's Liie of Miss Aiken 50 

American Encyclopedia, brought up to 
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Supplementary vol., 14tb, to 

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American Revolution. Blake 37 

American Biography. Jared Sparks. 

10 vols, each 75 

Arnold's History of Rome. 2 vols. 5 00 

Later Commonwealth. 4 vols. 2 50 

Life and Correspondence. 4 vols. 2 00 

Burr's Private Journal. 2 vols. 4 50 

British Statesmen, Lives of. Forster 1 25 
Byron's Life. Gait 37 

Biography, Sacred. Hunter 1 75 

British America, History of 87 

Broughani on the French Revolntian 50 

Balboa, Cortes, and Pizarro, Lives of 37 
Barrow's Life of Peter the Great 50 

Belknap's American Biography. 3 vols. 1 35 
Beirs Life of Canning 50 

Bonaparte, Court and Camp of 50 

Bosweirs Johnson. Croker 2 75 

Buck's Rains of Ancieal Cities, 2 vols. 1 00 
Bunner' History of Louisiana 50 

Burr's Private Journal. 2 vols. 4 50 

Bancroft's History of the United States. 

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Brougham on Instinct 25 

Bastille, History of, and Us Principal 

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Brougham's Lives erf" Men of Letters and 

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Camp Life of a Volunteer j or, a Cam- 
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Commodores, Generals, and other Com- 
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engravmgs 



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Chalmers' History of the American Co- 
lonies. 2 vols. 3 GO 
Campaign with Colonel Doniphaa 50 
Cranmer, Life of 1 00 
Canning, Life of. Bell 50 
Calhoun, Life of. " 12 
Columbus, Life of. Irving 25 
Charlemagne 50 
Caesar's Commentaries .. 87 
Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancel- 
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FirsfSerres. 3 vols. ^ 5 00 

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Coit's History of Puritanism 1 50 

Coleridge, Letters, Conversations, and 

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Crichton's and Wheaton's Scandinavia, 

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Crockett's Eccentricities 50 

Crowe's History of France. 3 vols. 175 

Celebrated Dramatists, Lives of. 2 vols. 50 



Cunningham's Lives of Eminent Paint- 
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Duchess D'Abranfes, Life of 1 37 
Davis's History of China. 2 vols. 1 00 
Distinguished Females, Lives of 37 
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Dover's (Lord) Life of Frederick the 

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Dunlap's History of the State of New 

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Dwight's History of Connecticut 50 
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Emmett, Life of 12 
Eraser's Historical and Descriptive Ac- 
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Eraser's History of Mesopotamia and 

Assyria 50 

Frederick the Great, Life of. Campbell 87 ' 
Fenelon's Lives of Ancient Philosophers 50 
Ferguson's History of the Roman Re- 
public " 
Fletcher's History of Poland " 
Forster's Lives of British Statesmen 2 00 
Francis's Orators of the Age 50 
Franklin's Life Illustrated 

by himself. 2 voh 1 OO 

Goethe's Autobiography. 2 vols. 2 50 

Glass's Life of Washington, in Latin 1 12 
Gleig's History of the Bible. 2 vols. 87 

Godwin's Lives of the Necromancers 35 

Grattan's History of the Netherlands 50 

General Taylor and His Staff, with Me- 
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Great Britain,, Social History of. God- 
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Gibbon's Decline and Pall of the Roman 

Empire. Edited by Milman. 4 vols. 5 00 
Guizol's History rf the Great Revolution 

in England in 1640. 2 vols. 1 00 

Guizol's Civilization in Eurqfie 1 00 

Henry IV. of France, Life of. James. 

2 vols. 2 50 
Hallam's Constitutional History of Eng- 
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Hallam's Europe during the Middle 
Ages 2 00 

Hallam's Literature of Europe during 
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3 vols. 3 75 
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the above. 4 vols., unifOTmly bound 
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History of Germany 1 00 

Hall's United States 87 

History of Chivalry. James 50 

History of Congress, 1739-1795 1 50 

History of America. In parts, each 25^ 

Henry's Epitome of the History of Phi- 
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Herodotus's General Hisi»ry. Beloe. 

3 vols. 1 35 

Howe's Lives of Eminent Mechanics 75 

Hunter's Sacred Biography I IS 



W. 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



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Henry Clay, Life of. 2 vols. 2 00 

In^ersoU's History of the Second War 
between Great Britain and the United 
States — 1812 2 00 

Irving's Life of Columbus 75 

Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands 45 
Ireland, History of McGeoghegan 2 50 
Joe Cowell, Comedian, Life of 25 

Josephine, Empress, Memoirs of 50 

James's Life of Charlemagne 45 

James's History of Chivalry and the Cru- 
saders " 
Jameson's (Mrs.) Celebrated Female 

Sovereigns 80 

Johnson's Life and Select Works " 

Josephus's Cemplete Works. 2 vols. 2 50 
Jefferson, Life of 25 

Kings of France. 14 plates 1 50 

Keightly's History of England. 5 vols. 2 50 
Louis XIV. and the Court of France. 

Miss Pardee. Plates. 2 vols. 3 50 

Laraartine's History of the Girondists. 

Vols, each 70 

Lockhart's Napoleon 87 

Lanman's History of Michigan 45 

Lee (Mrs.) Life of Baron Cuvier 25 

Le Bas's Life of Cranmer. 2 vols. 1 00 

Le Bas's Life of Wickliff 50 

Liever's Great Events 75 

Livy's History of Rome. 5 vols. 2 25 

Mackintosh's History of England 1 50 

Moore's History of Ireland. 2 vols. 2 50 
Milman's History of the Jews 1 25 

" " Christianity 2 00 

Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History. 3 vols. 3 50 
Mary CLueen of Scots, Life of 87 

Michelet's History of France. 2 vols.,ea. 25 
" Elements of Modern History 45 

" History of the Roman Repub- 
lic 50 
Manual of History. W. Cooke Taylor 2 25 
Moore's Letters and Journal of Lord By- 
ron. 2 vols. 2 75 
Muiier's History of the World. 4 vols. 3 00 
Murray's Historical Account of British 
America. 2 vols. 90 

" " " British 

India 1 50 

Naval History of the United States. 

Cooper. 2 vols, in one 1 75 

Niebuhr's History of Rome. 5 parts, 

each 1 00 

Napoleon's Military Maxims 50 

Navigators, Early Lives of 45 

Napier's Peninsular War. 4 vols. 6 00 

1 vol. 3 00 

Napoleon, Pictorial History of. 500 

plates and 20 portraits 3 00 

Newton, Sir Isaac, Life of 50 

Nelson's Life. Southey , " 

Our Army at Monterey 50 

Our Army on the Rio Grande 50 

Oregon and California, History of 2 50 

Overland Journey Round the World, bv 

Sir G. Simpson. ' 1 75 

Oregon, History of Map 50 

Pictorial History of England, Plates. 
In parts, each 25 



Popes, History of the. De Cormenin. 
With colored engravings 5 00 

Another edition without engravings. 3 00 
Popes, Ranke's History of the 1 50 

Prescott's Conquest of Peru, Engrav- 
ings. 2 vols. 4 00 
" Ferdinand and Isabella. 3 vols. 6 00 
" Conquest of Mexico. Engrav- 
ings. 3 vols. 6 00 

" Biographical and Critical Mis- 
cellanies 2 00 
Paul Jones, Life of. Mackenzie 1 00 
Paulding's Life of Washington. 2 vols. 90 
Clueens of France. 2 vols. 2 00 
Reformation in Germany, History of I 00 
Robertson's Historical Works. 8 vols. 5 00 
'* Historical Works. 3 vols. 5 00 
" Charles V. 1 75 
" History of Scotland 1 75 
" History of America 1 75 
Rollin's Ancient History. 2 vols. 3 50 
Russell's History of Abyssinia 50 
" Barbary States " 
" Polynesia " 
" Palestine *< 
Rush's Court of London, 1819-1825 2 50 
Rowan's History of the French Revolu- 
tion. 2 vols. 75 
Pcussell's Life of Oliver Cromwell 90 
Recollections of the United States Army 31 
Southey's Life of John Wesley, 2 vols. 2 00 
Spalding's History of Iialy. 3 vols. 1 35 
Segur's History of the E'xpedition to 

Russia. 2 vols. 90 

Sallust's History of the Jugurthine War 40 
Strickland's Lives of the Q,ueens of Eng- 
land, from the Norman Conquest to 
the present day. Vols, each 1 75 

Schiller's Life. T. Carlyle 50 

Siddons, Mrs., Life of Campbell 75 

Si.=mondi's Italian Republic 1 75 

Siborne's Historv of the War in Bel- 
gium, 1815 ' 2 50 
Schiller's History of the Thirty Years' 

War 50 

Stone's Border Wars of the American 

Revolution. 2 vols. 90 

Taylor's, Gen. Zachary, Life of. Nev/ 

edition. Portrait and illustrations 25 

Thirl wall's History of Greece. 2 vols. 3 50 
Thiers' History of the French Revolu- 
tion. 4 vols, complete in 2 3 00 
Tytler's Universal History. 6 vols. 2 75 
Turkish and Spanish Empires, l6th 

Century. Ranke. 2 parts, each 1 00 

Trumbull's Autobiography 2 00 

Taylor's History of Ireland. 2 vols, 90 

" Modern British Plutarch 50 

Thatcher's American Revolution 35 

Tracts of the Boston Tea Party 62 

Thucydides. W. Smith, A.M. 90 

United States Exploring Expedition, 

1838-42. 5 vols, each 2 00 

Vidocq, Memoirs of 50 

Washington and His American Gene- 
rals. 16 plates 3 00 
Writings of Washington, Jared Sparks, 
8 vols, each 1 50 



1« 



BURGESS, STRINGER, & Co. s 



Wickliffe, Life of 50 

Wraxall's Historical Memoirs 2 00 

" Posthumous Memoirs 2 50 

Walpole's Letters and Memoirs. 4 vols. 
" Suppressed Letters, 1760-1785 

" George the Third 2 50 

Washington's Orders 1 50 

Life 25 



Whewell's History of the Inductive Sci- 
ences 1 0(J 
Waddington's History of the Church 1 75 
Wilson's Lives of Wonderful Characters 1 90 
Wellington, Life of 25 
Xenophon's History of the Expedition of 
Cyrus 85 



POETRY AND THE DRAMA. 



37 
5 00 
1 25 



American Poets, Gems from 
Bryant's Poems. 21 plates 
Burns's Poems. 32 plates 
Byron's Poetical Works. Numerous 
plates 2 

Bryant's Selections from American Poets 
Bulwer's Lady of Lyons 

" Life and Poems of Schiller 
" Sea Captain ; or, the Birthright 
" Richelieu ; a Play 
Cowper's Task. 10 plates 2 00 

Childe Harold. 11 plates 3 50 

Campbell's Poetical Works. Portrait 

and 12 plates 2 00 

Cowper's Complete Poetical Works 1 50 
Crabbe's Works 2 00 

Chaucer, complete 

Child of the Islands. Mrs. Norton 25 

Dante. H. F. Carey. Engravings 1 50 
Euripides' Tragedies. Potter. 3 vols. 1 30 
Eschylus's Tragedies. Potter 45 

Ford's Dramatic Works. 2 vols. 85 

Halleck's Poems. 7 plates 3 50 

Hemans' Complete Poetical Works. 
7 vols. 5 00 

Another Edition. 2 vols. 2 50 

Heroines of Shakspeare. 45 engravings 9 00 
Homer. Pope 

Halleck's Alnwick Castle and other 

Poems 1 12 

" Fanny, and other Poems 1 12 

" Selections from British Poets 90 

Hofiman's Poems, complete 25 

Horace and Phedrus. Smart. 2 vols. 90 

Hactenus. By the author of " Proverbial 

Philosophy" 25 

Goldsmith's Poems. Plates 2 50 

Italian Poets. Leigh Hunt 1 37 

Ingoldsby Legends of Mirth and Marvel. 

7 plates by Leech 50 

James's Blanche of Navarre ; a Play 25 

Juvenal and Persius' Satires. Bad- 
ham and Sir W. Drummond 45 
Keate's Life and Poems, hitherto unpub- 
lished. R. M. Milnes 2 50 
Longfellow's Poems, complete 50 
" Evangeline 75 
" Poems. 11 plates 5 00 
" Poets of Europe 3 75 
Lalla Rookh, 13 plates 5 00 
Lady of the Lake. 10 plates 5 00 
Loves of the Poets. Mrs. Jameson 75 



Lockhart's Spanish Ballads 1 50 

L. E. L., Miss Landon's Complete 

Works. 2 vols. 3 50 

Milton's Poetical Works. 120 engrav- 
ings 1 25 
Moore's Poetical Works. Numerous 

engravings 4 00 

Moore's Irish Melodies. Pocket edition 38 
Lalla Rookh. « " 

Milton, complete. Pocket edition, G en- 
gravings 1 25 
Massinger's Dramatic Works. 3 vols. 1 30 
Morgan's, Lady, Dramatic Scenes from 

Real Life. 2 vols. 90 

Ovid's Metamorphoses and Epistles. 

2 vols. 90 

Poets and Poetry of England. Plates 3 00 

" of the Ancients " " 

" America " " 

" Europe 5 00 

Poetical Cluotations. New Dictionary of 1 00 

Pope's Complete Poetical Works 100 

Poetical Works of Milton, Thompson, 

and Young 1 00 

Poetical Works of Beattie and Collins 1 00 
Poe's Raven, and other Poems 31 

Pollok's Course of Time. Pocket edition 38 
Pindar and Anacreon's Odes . 45 

Rogers' Poems. Illustrated 2 50 

Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. . 

Bishop Percy 75 

Records of the Heart. Lewis 1 00 

Scott's Lady of the Lake 39 

" Marmion " 

" Lay of the Last Minstrel . " 

" Poetical Works. 6 engravings 
Shakspeare's Dramatic Works. John- 
son, Stevens, and Reed. 6 vols. 6 50 

" Another Edition, by Singer and 
Symmons 2 50 

Sigourney's Pocahontas 90 

Sophocles' Tragedies 45 

Select Poems, by Mrs, L. H. Sigourney. 

Plates 2 50 

Shakspeare (Harpers') Illustrated. 1400 

engravings. 3 vols. 18 00 

Shelley, Percy Bysshe 1 00 

" Another Edition. 3 vols. 2 50 

Specimens of British Poets. Campbell 1 50 

Southey's Poetical Works 

Mrs. " 37 

Thompson's Seasons. 77 plates 2 75 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



17 



Thompson's Seasons. Pocket edition 
Thoughts on the Poets 



38 I Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered 
50 1 Willis's Poems. 17 plates 



100 
5 00 



VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 



Anthon's Pilgrimage to Treves 75 

Altowan ; or, Life and Adventures in the 

Rocky Mountains. 3 vols. 1 25 

Adventures in Mexico and the Rocky 

Mountains. Ruxton. 2 vols. 50 

Barrow's Description of Pitcairn Island 50 
" Voyages to the Arctic Regions 50 
" Travels in Cabool 25 

Browne's Etchings of a Whaling Cruise 2 00 
Buckingham's America. 2 vols. 3 50 

Coke's Subaltern's Furlough. 2 vols. 75 
Colton's Four Years in Great Britain 90 
Cooke's Voyages Round the World 50 

Dana's Two Years before the Mast 50 

Darwin's Voyage of a Naturalist. 2 vols. 1 00 
Davenport's Perilous Adventures 45 

De Hay's Sketches of Turkey 2 00 

Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier's 

Voyages 50 

Durbin's Observations in Europe. 2 vols. 2 00 
" Travels in the East. 2 vols. 2 00 
D wight's Summer Tours 38 

Ellis's Polynesian Researches. 4 vols. 2 50 
Emerson's Letters from the Egean 75 

Fisk's Travels in Europe 3 25 

Flagg's Travels in the Far West 1 50 

Farnham's Life in Prairie Land 50 

Grant's Nestorians ; or, the Lost Tribes 1 00 
Green's Journal of the Texan Expedition 2 00 
Haight's Letters from the Old World. 

2 vols. -• 1 75 

Head's, Sir George, M'anufacturing Dis- 
tricts of England 1 12 
Head's, Sir F., Life and Adventures of 

Bruce ^ 50 

HofTman's Winter in the West. 2 vols. 1 50 
Humboldt's Travels and Researches 50 

Ingrahani's South West. 2 vols. i 50 

Jacob's Scenes, Incidents, and Adven- 
tures in the Pacific Ocean 1 25 
Jameson's Discoveries and Adventures 
in Africa 50 

" Visits and Sketches at Home 

and Abroad. 2 vols. 1 00 

Kohl's Travels in Russia 25 

" Austria " 

" Iceland " 

Kohl's England and Wales. " 

Kay's Travels and Researches in Cali- 
fornia 86 
Kendall's Narrative of the Santa Fe Ex- 
pedition. 2 vols. 2 50 
Keppel's Expedition to Borneo 50 
Lanman's Tour to the Saguenay in 
Lower Canada 50 



Latrobe's Rambler in Mexico 35 

" in North America 1 10 

Lander's Travels in Africa 1 00 

Leslie's Discoveries in the Polar Seas 50 
Lewis and Clarke's Travels beyond the 

Rocky Mountains. 2 vols. 1 00 

Mackenzie's American in England 50 

Marryat's Travels of Monsieur Violet 12 
Marvel's Fresh Gleanings 1 00 

Melville's Omoo 1 00 

Miller's Condition of Greece 37 

Morgan's, Lady, France 70 

Morrell's Voyage to the South Seas 62 

Mott's Travels in Europe and the East 1 90 
New Orleans as I found it 25 

Olin's Travels in the Holy Land. 12 

plates. 2 vols. 2 50 

Owen's Voyages to Africa. 2 vols. 1 12 

Park's Travels in Africa 50 

Parrott's Journey to Mount Ararat 50 

Parry's Voyages to the North Pole. 2 vols. 1 00 
Perils of the Sea 35 

Polo's, Marco, Travels 45 

Porter's Constantinople and its Environs 1 50 
Reynolds's Voyage of the Frigate Poto- 
mac 3 25 
Reynolds's Paciiic and Indian Oceans 1 50 
Robert's Embassy to the Eastern Courts 

of Siam ' 1 75 

Sale's, Lady, Journal of Disasters in Aff- 

ghanistan 12 

Sargent's American Adventures by Land 

and Sea 1 00 

Schroeder's Shores of the Mediterranean. 

2 vols. 1 75 

Siebold's Manners and Customs of the 

Japanese 50 

Smith's Consular Cities of China 1 00 

Stephens's Travels in Central America. 
2 vols. 5 00 

" Incidents of Travel in Yuca- 
tan. 2 vols. 5 00 

" Travels in Greece, Turkey, 
Russia, and Poland 1 75 

" Egypt, Arabia Petrea, and the 
Holy Land. 2 vols. 1 75 

Sweden, Travels in. Countess Hahn 

Hahn 12 

Tytler's Northern Coast of America 45 

Uncle Philip's Whale Fishery 70 

Voyages Round the World 45 

Wolff's Narrative of a Mission to Bok- 
hara 2 00 
Wrangell's Expedition to Siberia, Polar 
Seas, &c. 45 



18 



BURGESS, STRINGER & Co.'s 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Amber "Witch. From the German 38 
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American Biography. Sparks. Por- 
traits, &c, 10 vols. 7 50 
Angler's Almanack for 1848 
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Agricultural Chemistry. Chaptal 50 
American Shepherd 75 
Arnold's Miscellaneous Works 2 00 
Arts and Miseries of Gambling 50 
Art of Letter Writing 12 
Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau 50 
British Essayists. 8 vols. 14 00 
Boy's Treasury of Sports. 400 engs. 1 50 
Beckford's Italy, Spain, and Portugal 50 
Boswell's Life of Johnson 2 75 
Burke's Complete Works. 3 vols. 5 00 
Browne's Press of America 5 00 
Brande's Encyclopedia of Art, Science, 

Literature, &c. 4 00 

Bacon's, Lord, Works. 3 vols. 7 50 

Bolingbroke's, Lord, Works. 4 vols. 6 00 
Burns ; His Genius and Character. 

P. Wilson. 50 
Children's Years. Mary Howitt 25 
Crock of Gold. Tupper 38 
Charles Lamb's Essays of Ella " 
" Dramatic Poets 50 
Carlyle's Heroes and Hero Worship " 
" Sartor Resartus " 
" Past and Present 75 
" History of the French Revolu- 
tion 67 
" Cromwell's Letters and Speeches 50 
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria 1 50 
Cards of Destiny 

Cockney in America 25 

Comic Nursery Tales. Plates 75 

Cook's Oracle. Kitchener 1 00 

Celestial Scenery. Dick 50 

Chesterfield's Complete Works 1 75 

Charles Lamb's Works. 2 vols. 2 00 

Connexion of the Physical Sciences 50 

Complete Florist 25 

Complete Cook. 700 Receipts " 

Complete Confectioner, &c. 25 

Catlin's North American Indians. 2 vols. 6 50 

Coleridge's Miscellany. Professor Reed 

Cooley's Book of Useful Knowledge 2 25 

" The American in Egypt 2 00 

Diary of Lady Willoughby 25 

Dickens's Battle of Life 25 

" Cricket on the Hearth " 

" Chimes and Carols 38 

" Dombey & Son 50 

" Pictures from Italy 38 

Dictionary of the English Language. 

Richardson. 2 vols. 12 

Disgrace of the Family 25 

Domestic Economy. Miss Beecker 75 

Dryden's Works. 2 vols. 3 75 

Endless Amusements 75 
Edgeworth's Complete Works. 10 vols. 

each 75 
Engineer's and Mechanic's Pocket Book 1 25 



Encyclopedia of Domestic Economy 3 50 
" Chemistry 5 50 

Ewbank's Hydraulics and Mechanics 3 50 
Ellis's, Mrs., Women of England 50 

" Mothers of England " 

French in Algiers 38 

French Gentleman, Adventures of. Plates 37 
Fremont's Exploring Expedition to Ore- 
gon and California 25 
Farmer's Companion and Instructor 1 00 
Farmer's Dictionary 1 50 
" Manual. Falkner 50 
■C TrG3.si3rG T5 
" Handbook. Marshall 1 00 
Fox's Book of Martyrs 1 50 
Gleig's History of the Bible 75 
Gammer Gurton's .Story Books. 2 vols. 

each 50 

Great Metropolis, New York Annual. 

Map 25 

Gambling Unmasked. J. H. Green. 

Plates 50 

Heads and Tales of Travels and Travel- 
ling. E. L. Blanchard 25 
Hazlitt's Table Talk 38 
" " Second Series " 
" Literature of dueen Elizabeth 50 
" Life of Napoleon. 3 vols. 3 00 
" Character of Shakspeare's Plays 50 
" Comic Writers of England " 
'• English Poets " 
" Spirits of the Age '• 
Headlong Hall and Nightmare Abbey 38 
Hochelaga; or, England in the New 

World 38 

Half Hours with the Best Authors. C. 

Knight 1 25 

Hood's Prose and Verse 38 

Homes and Haunts of the British Poets. 

W. Howitt. 2 vols. 3 00 

Howitt's History of Priestcraft 62 

Hannah More's Works. 2 vols. 2 50 

Hoyle's Games 41 

Heads of the People. 8 Plates 25 

High Life in New York. Jonathan Slick 25 
Indians of North America. Plates 100 

Johnson's Complete Works 2 00 

Imaginary Conversations and other 

Writings. Walter Savage Landor 1 50 
Journey from Cornhill to Cairo 38 

Jamiesori's, Mrs., Memoirs and Essays 
Illustrative of Art, Literature, and So- 
cial Morals 38 
Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, Ame- 
rican Consul at Canton 2 50 
Jamaica, Past and Present 50 
Knowlson's Complete Horse Farrier 25 
" " Cattle Doctor " 
Kingslake's Eothen ; or, -Traces of 

Travels 50 

Kitchen and Fruit Garden 25 

Knickerbocker Sketch Book ' 50 

Leigh Hunt's Imagination and Fancy " 

" Indicator " 

" Italian Poets 38 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



i9 



Leigh Hunt's Wit and Humor 50 

Laman Blauchard's Sketches 38 

Local Loiterings 37 

Lover's Irish Stories 

" Songs and Ballads 
Liebig's Familiar Letters on Chemistry 1 00 
Letters from Italy. Headley 50 

Letter Writing Simplified 12 

Lardner's Lectures. Numbers, each 25 

Memoirs of Father Ripa 38 

Mary Howitt's Ballads . 50 

Mysteries of the Three Cities 25 

Miller's Boys' Own Books. Plates. 4 

vols., each 37 

Masterman Ready ; or, the Wreck of 
the Pacific. Capt. Marryat. 3 vols, 
in one 75 

Middle Kingdom ; or, China Illustrated. 

With map 
Midsummer Eve ; a Fairy Tale of Love. 

Mrs. Hall 25 

Matteuci's Lectures on the Physical For- 
mation of Living Beings 
Macculloch's Commercial Dictionary, 

2 vols. 7 50 

Modern British Essayists, Comprising, 

1 Writings of Macauley 2 00 

2 « Alison 125 

3 " Sydney Smith " 

4 " Pi of Wilson 1 00 

5 " Jeffreys 1 75 

6 " Carlyle " 

7 " Talfourd and Stephens 1 00 
Marston ; or, Memoirs of a Statesman 50 
Morse's Geography " 
Man of Feeling, and other Works. Mac- 
kenzie 1 25 

Murray's Encyclopedia of Geography. 

3 vols., 1900 pages 
Mrs. Perkins's Ball. Thackeray 
Men, Women, and Books. Leigh Hunt 50 
JSToctes Ambrosianje. 4 vols. 4 50 

Ollendorff's New German Grammar 1 50 
Old Continental. Paulding. 2 vols. 75 

Philosophy in Sport made Science in 

Earnest. lOO engravings 1 50 

Peru, Travels in ; 1838-42. Von Schudi 38 
Prose Writers of America. R. W. Gris- 

wold 4 00 

Past, Present, and Future. H. Carey 1 50 
Progress of America; a Pocket Com- 
panion for Politicians and Travellers 25 
Proverbial Philosophy. Tupper 50 

Pictorial Bible, Harpers', la various 

bindings 
Paley's Theology 87 

" Evidences of Christianity 37 

Plutarch's Lives 1 50 



Rhine, Victor Hugo 38 

Robinson Crusoe. Illustrated. 50 en- 
gravings, by Adams 87 
Robert Hall's, Rev., Complete Works. 

4 vols. 6 00 

Recreations of Christopher North 1 00 

Rural Life in Germany. Howitt 50 

Rocky Mountains. Irving 1 00 

Rhyming Dictionary. Walker 
Reformers before the Reformation 50 

Roman Traitor, a True Tale of the Re- 
public. Herbert. 2 vols. 50 
Spaniards and their Country, R. Ford 38 
Sacred Mountains, Headley. Engrav- - 

ings 
Snow Storm. Mrs. Gore 1 00 

Sidereal Heavens. Dick 50 

Sears's Wonders of the World 2 50 

" Pictorial Bible 2 00 

Tristram Shandy. New edition, with 

illustrations 50 

Typee ; or, a Residence in the Marque- 
sas. Melville. 2 parts 75 
Thousand Lines, Tupper 55 
Texas Rangers' Scouting Expedition. 

S. C. Reed . 50 

Traditions and Fairy Legends of Ireland. 

Crofton Croker 50 

Tales and Sketches of the United States 

Army 36 

Vanity Fair. Thackeray 50 

Vestiges of the Natural History of Cre- 
ation « - 75 
" Sequel to 50 
Vicar of Wakefield, Pictorial 72 
Views and Reviews of American History 

and Literature. G. Simms 37 

Webster's Encyclopedia of Domestic 

Economy 3 50 

Worcester's Universal and Critical Dic- 
tionary of the English Language 
Webster's Dictionary, unabridged, in 1 

vol., 4to. New edition 6 00 

Wilderness and War Path 50 

Wieland ; or, the Transformation 25 

Wild Sports of Europe. Col. Napier 50 
Western Clearings. Mrs. Kirkland " 

Whimsicalities. Hood " 

Whims and Oddities. Hood " 

Ure's Dictionary of Arts. One thick vol. 5 00 
" Supplement to 1 50 

Universal Gazetteer, McCulloch 6 50 

Yankee Stories. Haliburton 50 

Youatt on the Horse 

" The Pig 50 

" The Dog 50 

Zincali; or, Gipsies of Spain. Burrows 1 25 



NOVELS OF J. FENNIMORE COOPER. 



Miles Wallingford 
Satanstoe 
The Spy 
The Pilot 



160 
50 



The Water- Witch 
The Red Rover 
Wing-and-Wing 
Lionel Lincoln 



50 



20 



BURGESS, STRINGER, & Co.'s 



Heidenmauer 

The Pathfinder 

Precaution 

Wept of the Wish-ton-Wish 

Homeward Bound 

Home as Found 

Mercedes of Castile 

The Pioneers 

The Prairie 

The Two Admirals 

The Headsman 



50 The Deerslayer 
The Bravo 

The Last of the Mohicans 
The Monikins 
The Travelling Bachelor 
Wyandotte 
Ned Myers 
The Chainbearer 
Cratur 

Jack Tier ; or, the Florida Reef 
Oak Openings ; or, the Bee Hunter 



NOVELS OF Sm E. L. BULWEK, 



Alice ; or, the Mysteries 

Devereux 

The Disowned 

Ernest Mallravers 

Eugene Aram 

The Last Days of Pompeii 

Rienzi 

Zanoni 



50 



The Last of the Barons 

Leila ; or, the Siege of Grenada 

Night and Morning 

Paul Clifford 

Pelham 

Pilgrims of the Rhine 

Lucretia 



NOVELS OF G. P. R. JAMES. 



Richelieu 

Mary of Burgundy 

Philip Augustus 

Charles Tyrrell 

Agincourt 

The Man-at-Arms 

Corse de Leon, the Brigand 

The Step-Mother 

Heidelberg 

Beauchamp 

Castle of Ehrenstein 

King's Highway 

Huguenot 



25 



i Attila 
String of Pearls 
The Robber 
The Ancient Regime 
The Smuggler 
Rose d'Albret 
Arrah Neil 
Arabella Stuart 
The False Heir 
Forest Days 
Russell 

Margaret Graham 
The Convict 



NOVELS OF BENJAMIN D'lSRAELl. 



Coningsby ; or, the New Generation 25 

Contarina Fleming " 

Henrietta Temple " 

Venetia 25 

Vivian Grey " 

Wondrous Tale of Alroy " 



Young Duke 

Rise of Iskander 

Five Nights of St. Albans 

Sybil ; or "the Two Nations 

Tancred 



WORKS OF EUGENE SUE. 



Matilda 

Mysteries of Pans 

Temptation 

De Rohan ; or, Latreaumont 

The Female Blue Beard 

Salamander 

Widow's Walk 

John Cavalier 



Count of Monte Christo 

The Three Guardsmen 

Twenty Years After 

Ten Years After ; Sequel to ditto 

Amaury 

Capt, Paul. 

Chevalier D'Harmental 

Devil's Wedding Ring 

Duke of Burgundy 

Genevieve 



100 
50 
25 



100 
50 

75 
50 
25 



50 



50 



75 
50 



50 



12 
25 



25 



13 



06 
25 



25 



Therese Dunoyer 


25 


Arthur 


<i 


Colonel de Surville 


13 


Hercules Hardy 


(C 


Wandering Jew 


100 


Commander of Malta 


25 


Martin the Foundling 


100 


Seven Capital Sins. Plates 




F DUMAS. 




Crimes of the Borgias 


25 


Diana of Meridor 


100 


George the Planter 


50 


Isabel of Bavaria 


l£ 


Lucretia Borgia 


25 


Monsieur Antoine 


50 


Memoirs of a Physician 


100 


Regent's Daughter 


25 


Secret Tribunal 


(C 


Sylvandre 


50 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



21 



NOVEI^S OF CAPT. MARRY AT. 



Masterman Ready 

The Settlers in Canada 

Frank Mildmay ; or, the Naval OiRcer 

Jacob Faithful 

Japhet in Search of a Father 

The King's Own 

Midshipman Easy 

Newton Forster 

The Pacha oi Many Tales 



Peter Simple 

The Phantom Ship 

Poor Jack 

Snarley Yow, the Dog Fiend 

Monsieur Violet 

Joseph Rushbrook 

The Pirate and Three Cutters 

Ardent Troughton 



25 



WORKS OF CHARLES DICKENS (BOZ.) 



Nicholas Nickleby 
The Old Curiosity Shop 
Pickwick Papers 
Barnaby Rudge 
Martin Chuzzlewit 
Sketches of Every Day Life 



50 



38 



Christmas Carol 
The Chimes 
Oliver Twist 
American Notes 
Dombey & Son 



WORKS OF MISS PICKERING. 



Agnes Serle 

Cousin Hinton 

The Merchant's Daughter 

The Squire 

The Heiress 

The Gluiet Husband 

The Grumbler 



25 



13 



The Secret Foe 

The Fright 

The Expectant 

The Prince and Pedler 

Nan Darrell 

Who Shall be Heir 

Grandfather 



6 and 50 

6 and 50 

25 

13 

50 



25 



<■*»►-»<•> 



MEDICINE, PHYSIOLOGY, Sec. 



Advice to Mothers 38 

" "Wives " 

Abernethy's Family Physician 50 

Arnott's Physics ; or, Natural Philosophy 
Babilard's Physiology - 1 GO 

Broussais' Self Preservation 50 

Bostwick's Nature and Treatment of 
Seminal Diseases, Impotency, and 
kindred Affections 1 00 

Bayle's Elementary Treatise on Anatomy 87 
Brigham on Mental Excitement 
Bartlett's Philosophy of Medicine 
Brewster's Treatise on Optics 
Babbage's Fragments 
Buckland's Geologv. 2 vols. 
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7, William the Cottager 



Boy's and Girl's Library. 

Containing 32 volumes, 18mo, Muslin, gilt. Embellished with numerous Engravings. 
Sold separately or in Sets. Price $10 75 per set. 

17, The Clergyman's Orphan; The Infidel 
Reclaimed ; and Jane Clark, the Orphan. 
By a Clergyman 

18, Sunday Evenings. Comprising Scrip- 
ture Stories. Vol. III. 

19, Hughs's (Mrs.) Ornaments Discovered 

20, Uncle Philip's Evidences of Christianity; 
or, Conversations about the Truth of the 
Christian Religion 

21, Uncle Philip's Conversations about the 
History of Virginia 

22, Uncle Philip's American Forest; or, 
Conversations about the Trees of America 

23, 24, Uncle Philip's Conversalions with 
the Children about the History of New 
York 

25, Thatcher's Tales of the American ReiK)- 
lution 

26, 27, Uncle Philip's Account of the Whale 
Fishery and the Polar Seas 

28, Uncle Philip's Conversations about the 
History of the Lost Colony of Greenland 

29, 30, Uncle Philip's Conversations about 
the History of Massachusetts 

31, 32, Uncle Philip's Conversations about 
the History of New Hampshire 



1, Lives of the Apostles and Early Martyrs 

2, 3, The Swiss Family Robinson ; or, Ad- 
. ventures of a Father, Mother, and four 

Sons on a Desert Island 

4, 13, 18 Sunday Evenings. Comprising 
Scripture Stories 

5, Hofland's (Mrs.) Son of a Genius 

6, Uncle Philip's Natural History ; or, Con- 
versations about Tools and Trades among 
the Inferior Animals 

7, 8, Thatcher's Indian Traits ; being 
Sketches of the Manners, Customs, and 
Character of the North American Indians 

9, 11, Robin's (Miss Eliza) Tales from 

American History 
13, Hofland's (Mrs.) Young Crusoe ; or, the 
Shipwrecked Boy 

13, Sunday Evenings. Comprising Scrip- 
ture Stories. Vol. II. 

14, Perils of the Sea ; being authentic Nar- 
ratives of remarkable and affecting Disas- 
ters upon the Deep 

15, Sketcnes of the Lives of Distinguished 
Females 

16, Phelps's (Mrs.) Caroline Westerley ; or, 
the Young Traveller from Ohio 



Pocket Series of Novels. 



Price 25 cents a volume. 



1, The Yemassee, by W. G. Simms 

2, Young Kate ; or, the Rescue 

3, Tales' of Glauber-Spa, by Miss Sedgwick 
and others 

4, Attila, by James 

5, Corse de Leon; or, the Brigand, by 
James 

6, The Ancien Regime, by James 

7, The Man-at-Arms, lay James 

8, Charles Tyrrell ; or, the Bitter Blood, by 
James 

9, The Dutchman's Fireside, by J. K. 
Paulding 



10, Night and Morning, by Bulwer 

11, Westward Ho! by Paulding 

12, Evelina, hy Miss Burney 

13, The Robber, by James 

14, Guy Rivers, by W. G. Simms 

15, The Young Duke, by D'Israeli 

16, Richelieu, by James 

17, Crichton, by W. H. Ains worth 

18, Leila, by Bulwer. 12 1-2 cents 

19, The Huguenot, by James 

20, The King's Highway, by James 

21, The String of Pearls, by James 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 29 

NOVELS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT. 



VOLS. 

1, 3, 

3, 4, 

5, 6, 

7. 8, 

9, 10, 



11, 12. 



13, 14, 



1 15, 16, 
17. 18, 
19, 20, 
21, 22, 
23, 24, 
25, 26, 
27, 28, 
29, 30, 



41, 42, 



Waverley, complete in 1 vol. 38 
Guy Mannering, do. do. 38 
The Antiquary, do. do. 38 
Rob Roy, do. do. 38 
Tales of my Landlord, First Se- 
ries: Black Dwarf— Old Mor- 
tality, do. do. 44 
Tales of my Landlord, Second 
Series : The Heart of Mid-Lo- 
thian, do. do. 44 
Tales of my Landlord, Third 
Series: The Bride of Lam mer- 43, 44. 
moor. — A Legend of Mon- 45, 46, 
trose, do. do. 44 47, 48, 
Ivanhoe, do. do. 38 1 
The Monastery, do. do. 38 
The Abbot do. do. 38 49, 50, 
Kenilworth, do. do. 38 1 
The Pirate, do. do. 38 51, 52, 
The Fortunes of Nigel, do. do. 38 | 
Peveril of the Peak, do. do. 50 53, 54, 
Ctuentin Durward, do. do. 38 | 



VOLS. 


31, 


32, 


33, 


34, 


35, 


36, 


37, 


38, 


39, 


40, 



St. Ronan's Well, do. do. 

Red Gauntlet, do. do. 

Tales of the Crusaders; TheBe- 
trothed.-The Talisman, do. do. 

Woodstock, do. do. 

Chronicles of the Canon gate. 
First Series: Highland Wi- 
dow — Two Drovers, &c. do do. 

Chronicles of the Canongate, 
Second Series : St. Valentine's 
Day, do. do. 

Anne of Geierstein, do. do. 

Count Robert of Paris, do. do. 

Castle Dangerous, and Tales of 
a Grandfather, First Series, 
do. da. 

Tales of a Grandfather, Second 
Series, do. do. 

Tales of a Grandfather, Third 
Series, do. do. 

Tales of a Grandfather, Fourth 
Series, do. do. 



38 
38 



50 
38 



38 



38 
38 
38 



44 
38 
38 



38 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



A Complete History of the War between 
the United States and Mexico, from 
the commencement to the Treaty of 
Peace, by I. S. Jenkins. 20 plates 1 25 

Old Hicks the Guide ; or. Adventures in 
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Gold Mine, By Charles Webber. 2 
parts, each . 37^ 

Life of Christ in its Historical Con- 
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by Augustus Neander. Translated 
from the German 2 00 

The Drea,mer and the -Worker, by Dou- 
glas Jerrold 25 

Owl Creek Letters and other Correspon- 
dence. 1 vol. 75 

Sketches. Three Tales , by the author 
of Amy Herbert. 1 vol. 1 OO 

Secret of Mount Echo; or, Mother's 
Mysteries. American Romance 25 

Ten Years in France under Louis 
Philippe, by Louis Blanc. Parts, each 25 

Supplement to Shakspeare's Pla)'s, being 
those not included in his works 1 00 

Daughters, by the Author of the Gam- 
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The Cardinal's Daughter, by the author 
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The French Revolution of 1848. 10 en- 
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Montgomery's Lectures on General Liter- 
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Mudie's Guide to the. Observations of 
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Lieber's Essay on Property and Labor, 
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vols. 18mo. 85 

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Arabian Nights' Entertainments. 600 
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Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws 
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4 vols. 7 00 
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Cicero's Offices and Orations. 3 vols. 1 25 

Dick on the Improvement of Society by 
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Feuerbach's German Criminal Trials, 
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Home's New Spirit of the Age, with 10 
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Johnson's (Dr.) Complete Works, with 
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30 



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Longfellow's Poems. 11 plates. Scarlet, 
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" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 7 00 

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cloth, gilt edges 3 50 

" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 6 00 

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gilt edges 5 00 

" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 7 00 

Lady of the Lake. 10 plates. Scarlet; 

gilt edges 5 00 

Lady of the Lake. Turkey Morocco 7 00 
Lalla Rookh. 1 3 plates, gilt edges .5 00 

" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 7 00 

Childe Harold. 11 plates. Blue, gilt 
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" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 7 00 

Cowper's Task, 10 plates. Scarlet, gilt 
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" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 3 50 

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" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 5 00 

Longfellow's Poets of Europe. Cloth, 
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" Turkey Morocco, gilt edges 5 50 



Poets and Poetry of England. Plates. 
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" Turkey Morocco 5 00 

Poets and Poetry of the Ancients. Plates. 
Cloth, gilt 3 00 

Clueens of France. 2 vols. Scarlet 
cloth 2 00 

" Scarlet Morocco 3 00 

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Washington and his American Generals. 
16 plates. Q vols. Scarlet, gilt edges 3 00 
" " Cloth, gilt 2 60 

Lives of Commodores, Generals, and 
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Bryant' Longfellow's and Willis's Poems. 
In Sets. 3 vols. Morocco, gilt 16 00 

Poems of America, England, Europe, 
and the Ancients. Morocco, gilt 17 00 

Philosophy in Sport made Science in 
Earnest. lOO engravings 1 00 

Boy's Treasury of Sports, 400 illustra- 
tions 1 50 

Rogers' Poems. Illustrated. Imp. 8vo. 

Campbell's Poetical Works. With a 
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Portrait 1 50 

Thompson's Seasons. Illustrated by 77 
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Club. 8vo. Turkey Morocco, gilt 
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" Muslin, " 2 75 

Goldsmith's Poems, Illustrated by the 
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Boudoir Botany ; or, the Parlor Book of 
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CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 



31 



Pictorial History of England. 4 vols. 
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Some hundreds of engravings. Royal 
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Harper's Illustrated Shakspeare, with 
notes and other illustrations, 1400 
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8vo, muslin, gilt 18 00 

Pictorial Robinson Crusoe. 300 engrav- 
ings by Grandville. Cloth, gilt 1 75 

Pictorial Vicar of Wakefield. Upwards 
of 100 engravings. Gilt edges 1 00 

Pictorial History of Napoleon. 500 
spirited engravings. 2 vols. 3 00 

Book of Illustrious Mechanics. 1 vol. 
Numerous plates 1 00 

Book of the Colonies, comprising a his- 
tory of America to the commencement 
of the Revolutionary War. 1 vol. 50 
plates 1 00 

Book of the Indians of North America. 
Many plates. 1 vol. I 00 

Book of the Navy ; or, History of the 
American Marine. Numerous plates 
and portraits. 1 vol. 1 00 

Life of Major General Zachary Taylor. 
Numerous portraits and engravings 1 50 

Oracles from the Poets, a Fanciful Di- 
version for the Drawing Room 1 50 

The Sib}*.; or, New Oracles from the 
Poets. Uniform with the above 1 50 

Pearls from American Poets. 55 illumi- 
nated 4to pages, very superb 12 00 

Heroines of ShakspeaYe, 45 beautiful 
illustrations. - 9 OO 

Shakspeare's Female Characters. 33 
portraits. Superbly bound. 7 50 

Characteristics of Women, by Mrs. 
Jamieson. 1 vol. 12 plates. Richly 
gilt 6 00 

Arabian Nights Entertainments. 3 vols. 
12mo 3 50 

Marmion, a Tale of Flodden Field, by 
Scott. New edition. 1 25 

Mrs. Hemans's Works. 3 vols. Illumi- 
nated titles 

Scott's Poetical Works. 7 vols. Another 
edition, 2 vols. 

Talfourd's Tragedies and Poems. Gilt 
edges 1 50 

The Sacred Mountains, by J. T. Headly. 
1 vol. 12 superb plates 2 00 

Watson's Dictionary of Poetical Cluota- 
tions. Beautifully bound 2 50 

History of Architecture from the earliest 
times. 200 illustrations 

Lord Byron's Poetical Works. Illustrat- 
ed with splendid steel engravings, with 
notes by Moore, Jeffrey, Scott, &c. 5 00 

Thomas Moore's Poetical Works. Illus- 
trated, with Portrait. 5 00 



Southey's Poetical Works. Uniform 
with Moore and Byron 5 00 

Nature's Gems; or, American Flowers 
■ in their native haunts. 20 plates care- 
fully colored, and Landscape Locali- 
ties. 1 vol. 6 00 

Hemans's Works. Cabinet edition. Illus- 
trated. 1 vol. 16mo 1 25 

Campbell's Works. Cabinet edition. 
Illustrated. 1 vol. 16mo 1 25 

Scott's Works. Cabinet edition. Illus- 
trated. 1 vol. 16mo 1 25 

Milton's Poetical Works. 1 vol. 16mo, 1 25 

Cowper's Works, Cabinet edition. Illus- 
trated, 1 vol. 16mo 1 25 

Dante's Vision of Hell, Purgatory, and 
Paradise. 1 vol. 16mo 1 50 

Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, Cabinet 
edition. Illustrated. 1 vol. Ifimo 1 50 

Burns's Poetical Works. Cabinet edition. 
Illustrated. 1 vol. ]6mo 1 25 

Pope's Complete Poetical Works. Fine 
Portrait. Cabinet edition. Illustrated. 
1 vol. 16mo 1 25 

Pope's Homer, Iliad, and Odyssey. Ca- 
binet edition. Illustrated 125 

Milton's Poetical Works, 120 engrav- 
ings, by Harvey 

Principles of Physics and Meteorology, 
by Prof Miller. 539 illustrations, and 
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Wiesbach's Principles of the Mechanics 
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Ewbank on Hydraulics and the Mechani- 
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Parables of our Lord. Richly illuminat- 
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American Flora; or, History of Plants 
and Wild Flowers. 66 beautifully 
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oftheU. S. Portraits and maps 2 00 

Dana's Mineralogy, comprising the most 
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Lyell's Travels in North America. Co- 
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merous steel and wood engravings 3 00 
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l6mo. 1 50 

Chalmers's American Colonies. 2 vols. 

8vo. 4 50 

Channing's Complete Works. ' 6 vols. 

]2mo, 5 00 

Crabbe, Heber, and Pollok's Poetical 

Works. 6 engravings 2 50 

Milton, Young, Gray, Beattie, and Col- 

lins's Poetical Works. 1 vol. 2 50 

Rogers, Campbell, Montgomery, Lambe, 
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Moss Rose <' " 2 50 



S2 



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map. 2 vols., 4to 14 00 

Bartlett's Walks about Jerusalem. 
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Burns's Complete Works. By Allen 
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Froissart's Chronicle of the Middle 
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Poets of Connecticut, with Biographical 
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Poems of the Pleasures— Imagination by 
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Todd's Johnson and Walker's Diction- 
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JUVENILE WORKS. 



Robinson Crusoe. Pictorial ed. Nearly 
500 plates, «vo $1 75 

Mary Howitt's Picture and Verse Book. 
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Youth's Historical Gift. 47 plates, gilt 
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from the German, French, and En- 
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seasons. Colored steel engravings 62 «fe 75 

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Young Islanders. By Jeffreys Taylor. 
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Lucy and Arthur. Illustrated. Square 
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Jack the Giant Killer. 20 Engravings. 12^ 

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Young Student. By Madame Guizot. 

3 vols. 1 12i 
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tain Marryatt- 75 
Twin Sisters. By Mrs. Sandham. 38 
Early Friendship. By Mrs. Copley. 38 
Poplar Grove. Do. 38 
Crofton Boys. By Harriet Martineau. 38 
Peasant and the Prince. Do. 38 
Looking Glass for the Mind. Plates. 45 
Tired of Housekeeping. T. S. Arthur. 38 
Farmer's Daughter. Mrs. Cameron. 38 
Goldmaker's Village. By Zschokke. 38 
Never too Late. By Charles Burdett. 38 
Ocean Work. By J. Hall Wright. 38 
My Own Story. By Mary Howitt. 38 
The two Apprentices. By Do. 38 
Love and Money. Do. 38 
Work and Wages. Do. 38 
Little Coin much Care. Do. 38 
Which is the Wiser 1 Do. 38 
Who shall be Greatest 1 ' Do. 38 
Hope on, Hope ever. Do. 38 
Strive and Thrive. Do. 38 
Sowing and Reaping. Do. 38 
No Sense like Common Sense. Do 38 
Alice Franklin. Do. 38 
My Uncle, the Clockmaker Do. 38 
First Impressions. By Mrs. Ellis. 38 
Dangersof Dining Out. Do. 38 
Somerville Hall. Do. 38 
Minister's Family. Do. 38 



CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 



83 



THE MODERN STANDARD DRAMA. 

Price 12 1-2 Cents each. 
A Collection of all the celebrated Plays that keep possession of the modern stage. 
Eight numbers form a large and elegant volume, for which a general title-page and 
an engraving of some distinguished performer are regularly given. Bound in cloth, $1. 

VOL. I. 27 London Assurance 

1 Ion. A Tragedy. By Sergeant Talfourd. 

2 Fazio, or the Italian Wife. A Tragedy. 

3 The Lady of Lyons. A Play. 

4 Richelieu, or the Conspiracy. A Play. 

5 The Wife, a Tale of Mantua. A Play. 

6 The Honeymoon. A Play. 

7 The School for Scandal. A Comedy. 

8 Money. A Comedy. 
Vol. I., handsomely bound in Muslin, con- 
tains a Portrait and Memoir of Mrs. A. C. 
Mowatt. Price One Dollar. 

VOL. II. 

9 The Stranger. A Play. 

10 Grandfather Whitehead. A Drama. 

11 Richard III. A Tragedy. 

12 Love's Sacrifice. A Play. 

13 The Gamester. A Tragedy. 

14 A Cure for the Heartache. A Comedy. 

15 The Hunchback. A Play. 

16 Don Caesar De Bazan. A Drama. 
With aPortrait and Memoir of Mr. C. Kean. 

VOL. III. 

17 The Poor Gentleman. A Comedy. 

18 Hamlet. A Tragedy. 

19 Charles II. A Comedy. 

20 Venice Preserved. A Tragedy. 

21 Pizarro. A Play. 

22 The Love- Chase. A Comedy. 

23 Othello. A Tragedy. 

24 Lend me Five Shillings. A Farce. 
With a Portrait and Memoir of Mr. Burton. 



VOL. IV. 

25 Virginius. A Tragedy. 

26 The King" of the Commons. A Play. 



A Comedy. 

28 The Rent-Day. A Drama 

29 Two Gentlemen of Verona. A Play. 

30 The Jealous Wife. A Comedv. 

31 The Rivals. A Comedy. 

32 Perfection. A Farce. 

With a Portrait and Memoir of Mr. 
Hackett. 

VOL. V. 

33 A New Way to Pay Old Debts. A Play. 

34 Look Before You Leap. A Comedy. 

35 King John. A Tragedy. 

36 The Nervous Man. A Farce. 

37 Damon and Pythias. A Tragedy. 

38 The Clandestine Marriage. A Comedy. 

39 William Tell. A Play. 

40 Day After the Wedding. A Farce. 
With a Portrait and Memoir of George 

Colman the Elder. 

VOL. VI. 

41 Speed the Plough. A Comedy. 

42 Romeo and Juliet. A Tragedy. 

43 Feudal Times. A Play. 

44 Charles the Twelfth. A Drama. 

45 The Bridal. A Tragedy. 

46 Follies of a Night. 

47 The Iron Chest. 

48 Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady. 
With a Portrait and Memoir of Sir E. L. 

Bulwer. 



VOL. VII. 

49 Road to Ruin. A Comedy. 

50 Macbeth. A Tragedy. 

51 Temper. A Comedy. 

52 Evadne the Statue. A Play. 

53 Time W orks Wonders. A Comedy. 
Douglas Jerrold. 



By 



THE MINOR DRAMA. 

Printed uniformly with the " Modern Standard Drama," every number embellished with 
a spirited Engraving, illustrations of some prominent scene. All the old stock after-pieces, 
together with new ones of decided merit, will be embraced in this series. 

10 Used Up. 

1 1 The Irish Tutor. 

12 The Barrack Room. 



VOL. I. 

1 The Irish Attorney. 

2 Boots at the Swan. 

3 How to Pay the Rent. ' 

4 The Loan of a Lover. 

5 The Dead Shot. 

6 His Last Legs. 

7 The Invisible Prince. 

8 The Golden Farmer. 

With a Portrait and Memoir of Mr. John 
Sefton. $1 Boards. 

VOL. 11. 

9 Macbeth Travestie. 



1 3 Luke the Laborer. 

14 Beauty and the Beast. 

15 St. Patrick's Eve. 

16 Captain of the Watch. 

VOL. III. 

17 White Horse of the Peppers. 

18 Jacobite. 

19 The Bottle. 

20 Ladies, Beware. 



Price 12 1-2 Cents each. 
^^ On a Remittance of One Dollar, free of postage, Ten copies of any of the plays veill 

be sent by mail. 



24 BURGESS AND STRINGER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. 

THE LONDON LANCET! 

FOURTH YEAR OF RE-PUBLICATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 

In announcing the Volume, for the year 1848, of the London Lancet, the Publishers may 
be allowed to seize the opportunity of expressing their thanks for the gratifying support they 
have met during the three years in which the current re-issue has been continued in the 
United States. 

To pass encomiums upon a work like The Lancet, is to do the object no honor. A journal 
which, for over a quarter of a century, has maintained the position of the great popular 
organ of the British Metropolis, can be as little raised by the praise of well-wishers as shaken 
by the efforts of rivals. The Lancet claims to be a Repertory of British and Continental 
Practice and Observation, and the unexampled success it receives triumphantly sustains its 
tried reputation. As a journal of Medical Literature, Science, and Criticism, it is second to 
none, but is oftener and more extensively quoted than any other existing. Add to this its 
long standing before the world, a standing that has acquired for it a list of contributors that 
leaves every contemporary far behind in the distance, and the great advantages of The 
Lancet may at once be appreciated. 

That The London Lancet justifies the above is universally admitted. It is in the Medi- 
cal World what The Times is in the Political. — For nearly thirty years it has stood the test 
of competition and rivalry. It has been constantly increasing in value and in the develop- 
ment of its resources. It is the most widely circulated medical journal in Europe. Most 
important of all, it has the honor of possessing abody of scientific and practical contributors, 
than which the world can produce none more enlightened or distinguished. 

In addition, it may be permitted to remark, that the form, mode of publication, and price 
of The Lancet are most happily suited to the public desire. Its pages are neither constricted, 
so as to prevent the essential development of their subject-matter, nor too extended, so as to 
require, elaborate, it may be, but diffusive matter of little practical value — two extremes 
imder which many of the medical periodicals, both in this country and in Europe, greatly 
labor. It is issued every month, thus securing within short periods of time, the results of the 
labors and practice thrown out by the medical world. Its price (the least consideration, 
certainly, in such a work), is within the reach of all, for it is much less than half of the 
London copy. 

Such being the status of The Lancet at home, the American Publishers cannot but trust 
t'het a like prosperous influence is the destined result of its diffusion here. We call upon the 
Medical Profession for a more extended support. The work is successful — but that is not 
enough. Many of our subscribers have written to us that it merits to be 

The Great Medical Journal of the Land ! 

And pity it were that a serial which forms the great channel of professional intercommu- 
nication in Europe, should in this country of education and talent wane and die for lack of 
support. The Publishers are free to say, however, that they anticipate no such result, and 
that all they desire is a fair support from the public in the prosecution of an undertaking 
which directs and enlightens the practitioner's course, and through him softens the ills of 
sufiering humanity. 

The Lancet will be continued to be published every way as heretofore — b. facsimile of the 
London impression. The departments, subscribers say, are most happily arranged. Uni- 
formity with the •already-published volumes, too, forms a consideration of no small impor- 
tance. Its form is quarto — price, only one-third of the London copy. 

TERMS OF THE LANCET. 

One Copy, one Year, $5 00 

Two copies, "....... 9 00 

Three copies, ".....-.. 14 00 

Four copies, " 18 00 

Five copies, " 20 00 

Subscription for 1848, with the Lancet, Bound or in Numbers, for the Three Years 
preceding, in Nos. ^'14, in cloth, bound, $16. 

N. B. Those desiring the bound Lancet must provide a means of conveyance. The 
Numbers can at all times be sent by Mail. 

All Letters, enclosing subscriptions, or otherwise, must be addressed to the American 
Publishers. BURGESS, STRINGER & CO. 



iii m ii ■im— niiiliiii I 



THE AMERICAN SPORTSMAN'S VADE-MECUM, 



FRANK FORESTER'S 




©f tlje MmUh 0tate0 anb Britisl) |)roDmce0. 

BY H. W. HERBERT, ESQ. 

AUTHOR OF " DEERSTALKERS," " MY SHOOTING-BOX," " CROMWELL," " THE BROTHERS," PRIN- 
CIVAL CONTRIBUTOR TO THE AMERICAN EDITION OF " HAWKER," ETC., "" - 

In two vols. 8vo. cloth, price $4. 
Illustrated throughout from drawings taken from life, hy the author. 



Who does not know that this Northern Continent of America possesses the most bound- 
less field for the pursuits of the hunter and sportsman to be found in the world ? 

With this fact before us, is it not also surprising:, that a manual -wholly and completely 
adapted to the circumstances, customs, and peculiarities of American, as compared with 
British or other European Field Sports, has never yet seen the light. For, if we except the 
very excellent papers appended to that well-known English production, " Hawker's Instruc- 
tions to Young Sportsmen," it may bo safely averred that no book of that local, comprehen- 
sive,, and practical nature, for which there notoriously exists so great a want, has hitherto 
been met with in American literature. 

The present volumes are put forth to supply this need ; and the publishrrs of " Frank 
Forester's Field Sports" deem it fortunate to be uble to announce Mr. Herbert as the 
author of the same. This gentleman, whose devotion to the most healthful exercise man 
enjoys, is equalled onlv by his appetite for letters, is too well known to require introduction. 
" Frank Forester,* the nom de plume of this writer, is a password to the regard of every true 
Sportsman that roams this free soil. 

The " Field Sports" must be hailed with delight, not only because it possesses the pro- 
perties of a complete manual of instruction, but for the additional reason, that it is high time 
that the present unscientific and confused knowledge of the nomenclature and other vital 
points touching the fur and feathery tribes of tiie country, should be improved and corrected. 
With a population in parts already dense and swelling with unexampled rapidity, what chance 
is there for the denizens of our woods, wilds or waters escaping extinction, under an ignorant 
and barbarous taste, which leads to the practice of indiscriminate slaughter, in season or out 
of season — for the subservience of the dinner-pot, rather than a genuine love of the exercise. 

To accomplish, among others, the ends above nanied, the author has been careful to leave 
no part of his ground unbeaten. Advice, instruction, illustration, are the leading points ol the 
book. In the nomenclature, seasons, habits, and haunts of " fur and featlier," there is no- 
thing omitted. The lessons upon Upland, Lowland, Bay, Marsh, and, indeed, all kinds of 
shooting, are most admirably managed ; as are, also, the more roving diversions of our Wild 
Western Reserves. A considerable portion of the work is appropriated to the consideration 
of the aids of the sportsman, the dog and the gUx\. The chapters upon the dog are, per- 
haps, the most complete, instructive, and valuable that have ever been written. Breed, 
training, field and kennel management, diseases, remedies, treatment, have the fullest benefit 
of eighteen years' study and experience. 

To be short, the book purports to be what its title announces — an instructor— -a companion 
— the vade-mecum of the tyro equally with the finished hand. Much expense has been laid 
^t in the very beautiful engravings which illustrate the volumes ; and it is gratifying to dis- 
cover the same life and spirit pervading the drawings, (all from life, by the author's pencil,) 
that constitute the charm of the numerous writings that have appeared from his pen. 

BURGESS, STRINGER & CO., Publishers, 

222 Broadway, New- York. 




:^^^^SS^^^^^^^. 



"••^^^Jf^^^™"* 



/ 



FRANCE: 

ITS KING, COURT, AND GOVERNMENT. | 



BV AN AMERICAN. 




Terms to Clubs and Postmasters. — Single copies, 26 cents. Five 

copies and upwards, 20 cents each. Twenty-five 

copies and upwards, 18|- cents. Fifty and 

upwards, 16|- cents. One Hundred 

and upwards, 16 cents. 

*** The Trade supplied at the usual rates. 

Postmasters and Clubs are respectfully referred to the above terms. — Remit- 
tances and Communications must be post-paid, and addressed to 
LEONARD SCOTT, OR TO BURGESS, STRINGER & CO., NEW YORK. 



•■1^^ 




k 



BINDERY 
1903 



